Battle of Charlotte
Battle of Charlotte | |||||||
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Part of the American Revolutionary War | |||||||
![]() Plaque commemorating the Battle of Charlotte, located in Charlotte, North Carolina | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
William R. Davie |
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Strength | |||||||
150[1] | unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
23[2] to 30[3] killed, wounded or captured | 15 to 59 killed, wounded or missing.[3][4][5] |
The Battle of Charlotte was an
Background
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Thomas_Beach_%281738-1806%29_-_George_Hanger%2C_4th_Lord_Coleraine_%281751-1824%29_-_RCIN_400554_-_Royal_Collection.jpg/184px-Thomas_Beach_%281738-1806%29_-_George_Hanger%2C_4th_Lord_Coleraine_%281751-1824%29_-_RCIN_400554_-_Royal_Collection.jpg)
Pursuant to the British "southern strategy" for winning the American Revolutionary War, British forces had captured Charleston, South Carolina early in 1780, and had driven Continental Army forces from South Carolina. Following his route of a second Continental Army at Camden in August 1780, British General Lord Cornwallis paused with his army in the Waxhaws region of northern South Carolina. Believing British and Loyalist forces to be in control of Georgia and South Carolina, he decided to turn north and address the threat posed by the Continental Army remnants in North Carolina. In mid-September he began moving north toward Charlotte, North Carolina.
Cornwallis' movements were shadowed by militia companies from North and South Carolina. One force under
Charlotte was then a small town, with two main roads crossing at the town center, where the Mecklenburg County courthouse dominated the intersection. The southern facade of the courthouse had a series of pillars, between which a stone wall about 3.5 feet (1.1 m) high had been constructed to provide an area that served as the local market.[1] Davie positioned three rows of militia at and north of the courthouse, with one behind the stone wall, and placed cavalry companies on the east and west sides of the courthouse, covering the roads leading away in those directions. Finally, he put a company of 20 men behind a house on the southern road, where he was expecting the British advance.[1]
As his column approached Charlotte, Cornwallis would normally have sent Lieutenant Colonel
Battle
Contrary to Cornwallis' orders, Hanger and his cavalry blithely galloped into town. Even after the 20 men behind the house opened fire, Hanger's men continued to ride on until he was met by heavy fire from the line of militia behind the stone wall.[1] When the first militia line maneuvered to make way for the second, Hanger misinterpreted their movement as retreat, and continued the charge. This brought him into a withering crossfire from the second line and the cavalry companies stationed to the east and west. Hanger went down with a wound, and his cavalry retreated in some disarray back to the Legion's infantry.[8]
Cornwallis, alerted by the sound of battle, rode forward to assess the situation. Sarcastically calling out "you have everything to lose, but nothing to gain", the earl ordered the legion forward once more.[8] By this time the main army's light infantry had also begun to arrive, and Davie withdrew his forces.[8][6]
Aftermath
Mark Boatner says the British incurred 15 casualties in the engagement.[3] Patrick O'Kelley says that they had nobody killed but 33 wounded.[4] John S. Pancake says that they had 12 killed and 47 wounded.[5] The Patriot casualties are given by O' Kelley as 5 killed, 6 wounded and 12 captured[2] and by Boatner as 30 killed, wounded or captured.[3]
Hanger termed the incident "a trifling insignificant skirmish", but it did clearly communicate to Cornwallis that he would have to expect further resistance.
References
Sources
- Boatner, Mark Mayo, Cassell's Biographical Dictionary of the American War of Independence 1763–1783, Cassell, London, 1966, ISBN 0-304-29296-6.
- O'Kelley, Patrick (2004). Nothing But Blood and Slaughter: Volume Two, 1780. Blue House Tavern Press. ISBN 1-59113-588-5.
- Pancake, John (1985). This Destructive War. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 0-8173-0191-7.
- Wickwire, Franklin and Mary (1970). Cornwallis: the American Adventure. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.