North Carolina
North Carolina | |
---|---|
Nickname(s): The Tarheel State, The Old North State | |
Motto(s): | |
Anthem: "The Old North State"[1] | |
Country | United States |
Before statehood | Province of North Carolina |
Admitted to the Union | November 21, 1789 (12th) |
Capital | Raleigh |
Largest city | Charlotte |
Largest county or equivalent | Wake |
Largest metro and urban areas | Charlotte |
Government | |
• Governor | Roy Cooper (D) |
• Lieutenant Governor | Mark Robinson (R) |
Legislature | General Assembly |
• Upper house | Senate |
• Lower house | House of Representatives |
Judiciary | North Carolina Supreme Court |
U.S. senators | Thom Tillis (R) Ted Budd (R) |
U.S. House delegation |
Tarheel (colloquial) |
Language | |
• Official language | English[5] |
• Spoken language | As of 2010[6]
|
EDT) | |
USPS abbreviation | NC |
ISO 3166 code | US-NC |
Traditional abbreviation | N.C. |
Latitude | 33° 50′ N to 36° 35′ N |
Longitude | 75° 28′ W to 84° 19′ W |
Website | www |
Flowering dogwood | |
---|---|
Insect | Western honey bee |
Mammal | Eastern gray squirrel |
Marsupial | Virginia opossum |
Reptile | Eastern box turtle |
Tree | Pine |
Inanimate insignia | |
Beverage | Milk |
Color(s) | Red and blue |
Dance | Carolina shag |
Food | Scuppernong grape and sweet potato |
Fossil | Megalodon teeth |
Gemstone | Emerald |
Mineral | Gold |
Rock | Granite |
Shell | Scotch bonnet |
Other | Marbled salamander (salamander) |
State route marker | |
State quarter | |
Released in 2001 | |
Lists of United States state symbols |
North Carolina (
The earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the Hardaway Site. North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution.[10]
On November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the
North Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes. From west to east, North Carolina's elevation descends from the
History
Native Americans, lost colony, and permanent settlement
North Carolina was inhabited for at least 10,000 years by succeeding
In the 500–700 years preceding European contact, the Mississippian culture built elaborate cities and maintained far-flung regional trading networks. Its largest city was Cahokia, which had numerous mounds for different purposes, a highly stratified society, and was located in present-day southwestern Illinois near the Mississippi River. The Native polities of the Mississippian culture fell apart and reformed as new groups, such as the Catawba, due to a series of destabilizing events known as the "Mississippian shatter zone". Introduction of colonial trading arrangements and hostile native groups from the north such as the Westo Indians hastened changes in an already tenuous regional hierarchy.[14] As described by anthropologist Robbie Ethridge, the Mississippian shatter zone was an area of great instability, in what is now the American South, caused by the instability of Mississippian chiefdoms, high mortality from new Eurasian diseases, conversion to an agricultural society and the accompanying population increase, and the emergence of Native "militaristic slaving societies".[15]
Historically documented tribes in the North Carolina region include the
In the late 16th century, the first Spanish explorers traveling inland recorded meeting
Anglo-European settlement
In 1584,
As early as 1650, settlers from the Virginia colony had moved into the Albemarle Sound region. By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; this would generally establish North Carolina's borders. He named it Carolina in honor of his father, Charles I.[20] By 1665, a second charter was issued to attempt to resolve territorial questions. This charter rewarded the Lords Proprietors, eight Englishmen to whom King Charles II granted joint ownership of a tract of land in the state. All of these men either had remained loyal to the Crown or aided Charles's restoration to the English throne after Cromwell. In 1712, owing to disputes over governance, the Carolina colony split into North Carolina and South Carolina. North Carolina became a crown colony in 1729.[21]
In
Colonial period
-
John White returns to find the colony abandoned
-
Map of the coast of Virginia and North Carolina, drawn 1585–1586 by Theodor de Bry, based on map by John White of the Roanoke Colony
-
Reconstructed royal governor's mansionTryon Palace in New Bern
After the Spanish in the 16th century, the first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were English colonists who migrated south from
Lacking a viable coastal port city due to geography, towns grew smaller and at a slower pace. By the late 17th century, Carolina was essentially two colonies, one centered in the Albemarle region in the north and the other located in the south around Charleston.
In June 1718, the pirate Blackbeard ran his flagship, the Queen Anne's Revenge, aground at Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina, in present-day Carteret County. After the grounding her crew and supplies were transferred to smaller ships. In November 1718, after appealing to the governor of North Carolina, who promised safe-haven and a pardon, Blackbeard was killed in an ambush by troops from Virginia.[29] In 1996, Intersal, Inc., a private firm, discovered the remains of a vessel likely to be the Queen Anne's Revenge, which was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.[30]
North Carolina became one of the
During colonial times,
North Carolina did not have any printer or print shops until 1749, when the North Carolina Assembly commissioned
Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina, or the
Revolutionary War
During the American Revolutionary War, the English and Gaelic speaking Highland Scots of eastern North Carolina tended to remain loyal to the British Crown, because of longstanding business and personal connections with Great Britain. The English, Welsh, Scots-Irish, and German settlers of western North Carolina tended to favor American independence from Britain. British loyalists dubbed the Mecklenburg County area to be 'a hornet's nest' of radicals, birthing the name of the future Charlotte NBA team. On April 12, 1776, the colony became the first to instruct its delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence from the British Crown, through the Halifax Resolves passed by the North Carolina Provincial Congress. The date of this event is memorialized on the state flag and state seal. Throughout the Revolutionary War, fierce guerrilla warfare erupted between bands of pro-independence and pro-British colonists. In some cases the war was also an excuse to settle private grudges and rivalries.[42][43]
North Carolina had around 7,800 Patriots join the Continental Army under General George Washington; and an additional 10,000 served in local militia units under such leaders as General Nathanael Greene.[44] There was some military action, especially in 1780–81. Many Carolinian frontiersmen had moved west over the mountains, into the Washington District (later known as Tennessee), but in 1789, following the Revolution, the state was persuaded to relinquish its claim to the western lands. It ceded them to the national government so the Northwest Territory could be organized and managed nationally.[45]
The road to
In the
Antebellum period
After 1800, cotton and tobacco became important export crops. The eastern half of the state, especially the Coastal Plain region, developed a slave society based on a
After the American Revolution,
In mid-century, the state's rural and commercial areas were connected by the construction of a 129 mi (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a "farmer's railroad", from
In 1849, the North Carolina Railroad was created by act of the legislature to extend that railroad west to Greensboro, High Point, and Charlotte. During the Civil War, the Wilmington-to-Raleigh stretch of the railroad would be vital to the Confederate war effort; supplies shipped into Wilmington would be moved by rail through Raleigh to the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia.[52]
American Civil War
In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the state's total population were African-American slaves. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state,[53] South Carolina, becoming the last or penultimate state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of "last to join the Confederacy" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20,[54][55] the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.[56]
Around 125,000 troops from North Carolina served in the Confederate Army, and about 15,000 North Carolina troops (both black and white) served in
Confederate troops from all parts of North Carolina served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia, the Confederacy's most famous army. The largest battle fought in North Carolina was at Bentonville, which was a futile attempt by Confederate General Joseph Johnston to slow Union General William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through the Carolinas in the spring of 1865.[28] In April 1865, after losing the Battle of Morrisville, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at Bennett Place, in what is today Durham. North Carolina's port city of Wilmington, was the last Confederate port to fall to the Union, in February 1865, after the Union won the nearby Second Battle of Fort Fisher, its major defense downriver.
The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina, in the Battle of Big Bethel in June 1861. At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in Pickett/Pettigrew's Charge and advanced the farthest into Union lines of any Confederate regiment. During the Battle of Chickamauga, the 58th North Carolina Regiment advanced farther than any other regiment on Snodgrass Hill to push back the remaining Union forces from the battlefield. At Appomattox Court House in Virginia in April 1865, the 75th North Carolina Regiment, a cavalry unit, fired the last shots of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War. The phrase "First at Bethel, Farthest at Gettysburg and Chickamauga, and Last at Appomattox", later became used through much of the early 20th century.[60]
After secession, some North Carolinians refused to support the Confederacy. Some of the yeoman farmers chiefly in the state's mountains and western Piedmont region remained neutral during the Civil War, with others covertly supporting the Union cause during the conflict.[61] Approximately 15,000 North Carolinians (both black and white) from across the state would enlist in the Union Army. Numerous slaves would also escape to Union lines, where they became essentially free.
Reconstruction era through late 19th century
Following the collapse of the Confederacy in 1865, North Carolina, along with other former Confederate States (except Tennessee), was put under direct control by the
The elections in April 1868 following the constitutional convention led to a narrow victory for a Republican-dominated government, with 19 African-Americans holding positions in the
A
Post civil war-debt cycles pushed people to switch from subsistence agriculture to commodity agriculture. Among this time the notorious Crop-Lien system developed and was financially difficult on landless whites and blacks, due to high amounts of usury. Also due to the push for commodity agriculture, the free range was ended. Prior to this time people fenced in their crops and had their livestock feeding on the free range areas. After the ending of the free range people now fenced their animals and had their crops in the open. Democrats were elected to the legislature and governor's office, but the
Political tensions ran so high a small group of white Democrats in 1898 planned to take over the
In 1899, the state legislature passed a new constitution, with requirements for
Early through mid-20th century
After the reconstruction era, North Carolina had become a one-party state, dominated by the
The state was the site of the first successful controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air flight, by the Wright brothers, near Kitty Hawk on December 17, 1903.
In the first half of the 20th century, many African Americans left the state to go North for better opportunities, in the Great Migration. Their departure changed the demographic characteristics of many areas.
North Carolina was hard hit by the Great Depression, but the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt for cotton and tobacco significantly helped the farmers. After World War II, the state's economy grew rapidly, highlighted by the growth of such cities as Charlotte, Raleigh, and Durham in the Piedmont region.
Research Triangle Park, established in 1959, serves as the largest research park in the United States. Formed near Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, the Research Triangle metro is a major area of universities and advanced scientific and technical research.
The Greensboro sit-ins in 1960 played a crucial role in the Civil Rights Movement to bring full equality to American blacks. By the late 1960s, spurred in part by the increasingly leftward tilt of national Democrats, conservative whites began to vote for Republican national candidates and gradually for more Republicans locally.[71][72]
Late 20th century to present
Since the 1970s, North Carolina has seen steady increases in population growth. This growth has largely occurred in metropolitan areas located within the Piedmont Crescent, in places such as Charlotte, Concord, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Durham and Raleigh.[73] The Charlotte metropolitan area has experienced large growth mainly due to its finance, banking, and tech industries.[74]
By the 1990s, Charlotte had become a major regional and national banking center. Towards Raleigh, North Carolina State, Duke University, and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have helped the Research Triangle area attract an educated workforce and develop more jobs.[75]
In 1988, North Carolina gained its first professional sports franchise, the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). The hornets team name stems from the American Revolutionary War, when British General Cornwallis described Charlotte as a "hornet's nest of rebellion".[76] The Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL) became based in Charlotte as well, with their first season being in 1995. The Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL) moved to Raleigh in 1997, with their colors being the same as the NC State Wolfpack, who are also located in Raleigh.
By the late 20th century and into the early 21st century, economic industries such as technology, pharmaceuticals, banking, food processing, vehicle parts, and tourism started to emerge as North Carolina's main economic drivers. This marked a shift from the state's former main industries of tobacco, textiles, and furniture. Factors that played a role in this shift were globalization, the state's higher education system, national banking, the transformation of agriculture, and new companies moving to the state.[77]
Geography
North Carolina consists of three main geographic regions: the
So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the "Graveyard of the Atlantic"; more than a thousand ships have sunk in these waters since records began in 1526. The most famous of these is the Queen Anne's Revenge (flagship of the pirate Blackbeard), which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718.[80]
The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the
The
North Carolina has 17 major river basins. The five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean.[85] Of the 17 basins, 11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the state's border—the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar–Pamlico basin.[86]
Flora and fauna
Major rivers
Climate
Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, with the mountainous regions being coolest year-round. The climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, where temperatures only occasionally drop below the freezing point at night. The coastal plain averages around 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all.[87]
The Atlantic Ocean exerts less influence on the climate of the Piedmont region, which has hotter summers and colder winters than along the coast, though winters are still mild.[87]
North Carolina experiences severe weather both in summer and in winter, with summer bringing threat of
North Carolina averages fewer than 20 tornadoes per year, many of them produced by hurricanes or tropical storms along the coastal plain. Tornadoes from thunderstorms are a risk, especially in the eastern part of the state. The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east. A phenomenon known as "cold-air damming" often occurs in the northwestern part of the state, which can weaken storms but can also lead to major ice events in winter.[91]
In April 2011, the worst tornado outbreak in North Carolina's history occurred. Thirty confirmed tornadoes touched down, mainly in the Eastern Piedmont and Sandhills, killing at least 24 people.[92][93] In September 2019 Hurricane Dorian hit the area.
Monthly normal high and low temperatures (Fahrenheit) for various North Carolina cities. | ||||||||||||
City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asheville[94] | 47/27 | 51/30 | 59/35 | 68/43 | 75/51 | 81/60 | 84/64 | 83/63 | 77/56 | 68/45 | 59/36 | 49/29 |
Boone[95] | 42/21 | 45/23 | 52/29 | 61/37 | 69/46 | 76/54 | 79/58 | 78/57 | 72/50 | 63/39 | 54/31 | 45/24 |
Cape Hatteras[96] | 52/39 | 54/40 | 59/45 | 66/53 | 74/61 | 81/69 | 85/74 | 84/73 | 80/69 | 72/60 | 64/51 | 56/43 |
Charlotte[94] | 51/30 | 55/33 | 63/39 | 72/47 | 79/56 | 86/64 | 89/68 | 88/67 | 81/60 | 72/49 | 62/39 | 53/32 |
Fayetteville[97] | 54/33 | 59/35 | 66/42 | 75/50 | 82/59 | 89/68 | 91/72 | 90/70 | 84/64 | 75/52 | 67/43 | 56/35 |
Greensboro[97] | 48/30 | 53/32 | 61/39 | 70/47 | 78/56 | 85/65 | 88/69 | 86/68 | 80/61 | 70/49 | 61/40 | 51/32 |
Raleigh[97] | 51/31 | 55/34 | 63/40 | 72/48 | 80/57 | 87/66 | 90/70 | 88/69 | 82/62 | 73/50 | 64/41 | 54/33 |
Wilmington[98] | 56/36 | 60/38 | 66/44 | 74/52 | 81/60 | 87/69 | 90/73 | 88/71 | 84/66 | 76/55 | 68/45 | 59/38 |
Climate data for North Carolina | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 86 (30) |
90 (32) |
100 (38) |
102 (39) |
107 (42) |
108 (42) |
109 (43) |
110 (43) |
109 (43) |
102 (39) |
90 (32) |
87 (31) |
110 (43) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 49.9 (9.9) |
53.7 (12.1) |
61.8 (16.6) |
71.0 (21.7) |
78.1 (25.6) |
85.2 (29.6) |
88.1 (31.2) |
86.8 (30.4) |
80.8 (27.1) |
71.6 (22.0) |
62.5 (16.9) |
52.5 (11.4) |
70.2 (21.2) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 39.2 (4.0) |
42.3 (5.7) |
49.5 (9.7) |
58.1 (14.5) |
66.1 (18.9) |
74.1 (23.4) |
77.5 (25.3) |
76.3 (24.6) |
69.9 (21.1) |
59.4 (15.2) |
50.4 (10.2) |
41.7 (5.4) |
58.7 (14.8) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 28.4 (−2.0) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
37.2 (2.9) |
45.2 (7.3) |
54.0 (12.2) |
63.0 (17.2) |
66.8 (19.3) |
65.8 (18.8) |
58.9 (14.9) |
47.2 (8.4) |
38.3 (3.5) |
30.8 (−0.7) |
47.2 (8.4) |
Record low °F (°C) | −34 (−37) |
−31 (−35) |
−29 (−34) |
0 (−18) |
13 (−11) |
22 (−6) |
30 (−1) |
29 (−2) |
23 (−5) |
5 (−15) |
−22 (−30) |
−33 (−36) |
−34 (−37) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.7 (94) |
3.5 (89) |
4.2 (110) |
3.5 (89) |
3.8 (97) |
4.3 (110) |
4.8 (120) |
4.7 (120) |
4.3 (110) |
3.3 (84) |
3.3 (84) |
3.5 (89) |
46.9 (1,196) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 2.0 (5.1) |
1.4 (3.6) |
0.6 (1.5) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.8 (2.0) |
5 (12.7) |
Source 1: USA.com (averages)[99] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: North Carolina State Climate Office (extremes)[100] |
Parks and recreation
North Carolina provides a large range of recreational activities, from swimming at the beach to
North Carolinians enjoy outdoor recreation using numerous local bike paths, 34
National Forests include Uwharrie National Forest in central North Carolina, Croatan National Forest in Eastern North Carolina, Pisgah National Forest in the western mountains, and Nantahala National Forest in the southwestern part of the state.
Major cities
In 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau released 2022 population estimate counts for cities in North Carolina. Charlotte has the largest population, while Raleigh has the second largest population in North Carolina.[103]
Rank
|
Name
|
County
|
Pop.
|
Rank
|
Name
|
County
|
Pop. |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Charlotte Raleigh |
1 | Charlotte | Mecklenburg | 897,720 | 11 | Asheville | Buncombe | 93,776 | Greensboro Durham |
2 | Raleigh | Wake | 476,587 | 12 | Greenville | Pitt | 89,233 | ||
3 | Greensboro | Guilford | 301,115 | 13 | Gastonia | Gaston | 82,653 | ||
4 | Durham | Durham | 291,928 | 14 | Apex | Wake | 71,065 | ||
5 | Winston-Salem | Forsyth | 251,350 | 15 | Jacksonville | Onslow | 70,420 | ||
6 | Fayetteville | Cumberland | 208,873 | 16 | Huntersville | Mecklenburg | 63,035 | ||
7 | Cary | Wake | 180,388 | 17 | Chapel Hill | Orange | 62,098 | ||
8 | Wilmington | New Hanover | 120,324 | 18 | Burlington | Alamance | 59,287 | ||
9 | High Point | Guilford | 115,067 | 19 | Kannapolis | Cabarrus | 55,448 | ||
10 | Concord | Cabarrus | 109,896 | 20 | Rocky Mount | Nash | 54,013 |
Most populous counties
In 2020, the U.S. Census Bureau released its annual population estimate counts for North Carolina's counties. Wake County has the largest population, while Mecklenburg County has the second largest population in North Carolina.[105]
Statistical areas
North Carolina has four major combined statistical areas with a population over 1 million:[8]
- Charlotte Metro: Charlotte-Concord, NC-SC; population 2,822,352[8]
- Hampton Roads: Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC; population: 1,890,162[8]
- Research Triangle: Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC; population: 2,106,463[8]
- Piedmont Triad: Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC; population: 1,695,306[8]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 393,751 | — | |
1800 | 478,103 | 21.4% | |
1810 | 556,526 | 16.4% | |
1820 | 638,829 | 14.8% | |
1830 | 737,987 | 15.5% | |
1840 | 753,419 | 2.1% | |
1850 | 869,039 | 15.3% | |
1860 | 992,622 | 14.2% | |
1870 | 1,071,361 | 7.9% | |
1880 | 1,399,750 | 30.7% | |
1890 | 1,617,949 | 15.6% | |
1900 | 1,893,810 | 17.1% | |
1910 | 2,206,287 | 16.5% | |
1920 | 2,559,123 | 16.0% | |
1930 | 3,170,276 | 23.9% | |
1940 | 3,571,623 | 12.7% | |
1950 | 4,061,929 | 13.7% | |
1960 | 4,556,155 | 12.2% | |
1970 | 5,082,059 | 11.5% | |
1980 | 5,881,766 | 15.7% | |
1990 | 6,628,637 | 12.7% | |
2000 | 8,049,313 | 21.4% | |
2010 | 9,535,483 | 18.5% | |
2020 | 10,439,388 | 9.5% | |
2023 (est.) | 10,835,491 | [7] | 3.8% |
Source: 1910–2020[106] |
The United States Census Bureau determined the population of North Carolina was 10,439,388 at the 2020 U.S. census.[107][108][109] Based on numbers in 2012 of the people residing in North Carolina 58.5% were born there; 33.1% were born in another state; 1.0% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s); and 7.4% were foreign-born.[110]
According to HUD's 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 9,382 homeless people in North Carolina.[111][112]
The top countries of origin for North Carolina's immigrants were Mexico, India, Honduras, China and El Salvador, as of 2018[update].[113]
Race and ethnicity
Race and Ethnicity[114] | Alone | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
White (non-Hispanic)
|
60.5% | 63.9% | ||
African American (non-Hispanic) | 20.2% | 21.8% | ||
Hispanic or Latino[c] | — | 10.7% | ||
Asian | 3.3% | 4.0% | ||
Native American | 1.0% | 2.5% | ||
Pacific Islander | 0.1% | 0.2% | ||
Other | 0.4% | 1.1% |
Racial composition | 1990[115] | 2000[116] | 2010[117] |
---|---|---|---|
White |
75.6% | 72.1% | 68.5% |
Black |
22.0% | 21.6% | 21.4% |
Asian |
0.8% | 1.4% | 2.2% |
Native | 1.2% | 1.2% | 1.3% |
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander |
– | 0.1% | 0.1% |
Other race |
0.5% | 2.3% | 4.3% |
Two or more races |
– | 1.3% | 2.3% |
Non-Hispanic White 30–40%40–50%50–60%60–70%70–80%80–90%90%+Black or African American 40–50%50–60%60–70%Native American 40–50%
At the
Enslaved Africans were brought to North Carolina to be sold into slavery. A majority of the black population is now concentrated in the urban areas and northeastern part of the state.[120]
North Carolina's Hispanic population has grown rapidly. The Hispanic population more than doubled in size between 1990 and 2000. Many of North Carolina's Hispanic residents are of Mexican heritage. Many of North Carolina's newer Latino residents came from Mexico largely to work in agriculture, manufacturing, or on one of North Carolina's military installations.[121]
Most ancestries in North Carolina are African-American, American, German, English, and Irish.[122]
North Carolina has the eighth-largest Native American population in the country.[123] The state is home to eight Native American tribes and four urban Native American organizations.[124]
Languages
Language | Percentage of population (in 2010)[125] |
---|---|
Spanish | 6.93% |
French | 0.32% |
German | 0.27% |
Chinese (including Mandarin) | 0.27% |
Vietnamese | 0.24% |
Arabic | 0.17% |
Korean | 0.16% |
Tagalog | 0.13% |
Hindi |
0.12% |
Gujarati, Russian, and Hmong (tied) | 0.11% |
Italian and Japanese (tied) | 0.08% |
Cherokee | 0.01%[126] |
North Carolina is home to a spectrum of different dialects of Southern American English and Appalachian English.
In 2010, 89.66% (7,750,904) of North Carolina residents age five and older spoke English at home as a
Religion
North Carolina residents since the colonial era have historically been overwhelmingly
In 1845, the Baptists split into regional associations of the Northern United States and Southern U.S., over the issue of slavery. These new associations were the Northern Baptist Convention (today the
Methodists (the second largest group among North Carolinian Protestants) were divided along racial lines in the United Methodist Church and African Methodist Episcopal Church. The Methodist tradition tends to be strong in the northern Piedmont, especially in populous Guilford County. Other prominent Protestant groups in North Carolina as of the Pew Research Center's 2014 study were non/interdenominational Protestants and Pentecostalism. The Assemblies of God and Church of God in Christ are the largest Pentecostal denominations operating in the state, while notable minorities include Oneness Pentecostals primarily affiliated with the United Pentecostal Church International.
The state also has a special history with the
A wide variety of non-Christian faiths are practiced by other residents in the state, including: Judaism, Islam, Baháʼí, Buddhism, and Hinduism. The rapid influx of Northerners and immigrants from Latin America is steadily increasing ethnic and religious diversity within the state. The number of Roman Catholics and Jews in the state has increased, along with general religious diversity as a whole. There are also a substantial number of Quakers in Guilford County and northeastern North Carolina. Many universities and colleges in the state have been founded on religious traditions, and some currently maintain that affiliation, including:[135]
- Barton College (Disciples of Christ)
- Belmont Abbey College (Catholic)
- Bennett College for Women(United Methodist Church)
- Brevard College (United Methodist Church)
- Campbell University (Baptist)
- Catawba College (United Church of Christ)
- Chowan University (Baptist)
- Davidson College (Presbyterian)
- Duke University (Historically Methodist)
- Elon University (Historically United Church of Christ)
- Gardner–Webb University (Cooperative Baptist Fellowship)
- Greensboro College (Methodist)
- Guilford College (Religious Society of Friends/Quakers)
- High Point University (United Methodist Church)
- Lees-McRae College(Presbyterian)
- Lenoir-Rhyne University(Evangelical Lutheran Church in America)
- Livingstone College (African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church)
- Louisburg College (United Methodist Church)
- Mars Hill University (Christian)
- Methodist University (United Methodist Church)
- Montreat College (Christian)
- University of Mount Olive (Baptist)
- North Carolina Wesleyan College(United Methodist Church)
- William Peace University (Presbyterian)
- Pfeiffer University (Methodist)
- Queens University of Charlotte (Presbyterian)
- St. Andrews Presbyterian College(Presbyterian)
- Saint Augustine's College(Episcopal)
- Salem College (Moravian Church)
- Shaw University (Baptist)
- Wake Forest University (Historically Baptist)
- Warren Wilson College (Historically Presbyterian)
- Wingate University (Historically Baptist)
The state also has several major seminaries, including the Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary in Wake Forest, and the Hood Theological Seminary (AME Zion) in Salisbury.
Economy
North Carolina's 2018 total
The state has a very diverse economy because of its great availability of hydroelectric power,[138] its pleasant climate, and its wide variety of soils. The state ranks third among the South Atlantic states in population, but leads the region in industry and agriculture.[139][140] North Carolina leads the nation in the production of tobacco.[141]
Charlotte, the state's largest city, is a major textile and trade center. According to a Forbes article written in 2013, employment in the "Old North State" has gained many different industry sectors. Science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) industries in the area surrounding North Carolina's capital have grown 17.9 percent since 2001. Raleigh ranked the third best city for technology in 2020 due to the state's growing technology sector.[142] In 2010, North Carolina's total gross state product was $424.9 billion,[143] while the state debt in November 2012, according to one source, totalled $2.4 billion,[144] while according to another, was in 2012 $57.8 billion.[145] In 2011, the civilian labor force was at around 4.5 million with employment near 4.1 million.
North Carolina is the leading U.S. state in production of
North Carolina has 15 metropolitan areas,[150] and in 2010 was chosen as the third-best state for business by Forbes Magazine, and the second-best state by chief executive officer Magazine.[151] Since 2000, there has been a clear division in the economic growth of North Carolina's urban and rural areas. While North Carolina's urban areas have enjoyed a prosperous economy with steady job growth, low unemployment, and rising wages, many of the state's rural counties have suffered from job loss, rising levels of poverty, and population loss as their manufacturing base has declined. According to one estimate, one-half of North Carolina's 100 counties have lost population since 2010, primarily due to the poor economy in many of North Carolina's rural areas. However, the population of the state's urban areas is steadily increasing.[152]
Arts and culture
North Carolina has traditions in art, music, and cuisine. The nonprofit arts and culture industry generates $1.2 billion in direct economic activity in North Carolina, supporting more than 43,600 full-time equivalent jobs and generating $119 million in revenue for local governments and the state of North Carolina.[153] North Carolina established the North Carolina Museum of Art as the first major museum collection in the country to be formed by state legislation and funding[154] and continues to bring millions into the NC economy.[155]
One of the more famous arts communities in the state is
TV and film
Music
North Carolina boasts a large number of noteworthy jazz musicians, some among the most important in the history of the genre. These include: John Coltrane, (Hamlet, High Point); Thelonious Monk (Rocky Mount); Billy Taylor (Greenville); Woody Shaw (Laurinburg); Lou Donaldson (Durham); Max Roach (Newland); Tal Farlow (Greensboro); Albert, Jimmy and Percy Heath (Wilmington); Nina Simone (Tryon); and Billy Strayhorn (Hillsborough).
North Carolina is also famous for its tradition of
Ben Folds Five originated in Winston-Salem, and Ben Folds still records and resides in Chapel Hill.
The British band Pink Floyd is named, in part, after Chapel Hill bluesman Floyd Council.
The Research Triangle area has long been a well-known center for folk, rock, metal, jazz and punk.[156] James Taylor grew up around Chapel Hill, and his 1968 song "Carolina in My Mind" has been called an unofficial anthem for the state.[157][158][159] Other famous musicians from North Carolina include J. Cole, DaBaby, 9th Wonder, Shirley Caesar, Roberta Flack, Clyde McPhatter, Nnenna Freelon, Link Wray, Warren Haynes, Jimmy Herring, Michael Houser, Eric Church, Future Islands, Randy Travis, Ryan Adams, Ronnie Milsap, Anthony Hamilton, The Avett Brothers, Charlie Daniels, and Luke Combs.
Metal and punk acts such as Corrosion of Conformity, Between the Buried and Me, and Nightmare Sonata are native to North Carolina.
EDM producer Porter Robinson hails from Chapel Hill.
North Carolina is the home of more
In the mountains, the Brevard Music Center hosts choral, operatic, orchestral, and solo performances during its annual summer schedule.
North Carolina has five professional opera companies: Opera Carolina in Charlotte, NC Opera in Raleigh, Greensboro Opera in Greensboro, Piedmont Opera in Winston-Salem, and Asheville Lyric Opera in Asheville. Academic conservatories and universities also produce fully staged operas, such as the A. J. Fletcher Opera Institute of the University of North Carolina School of the Arts in Winston-Salem, the Department of Music of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and UNC Greensboro.
Among others, there are three high-level symphonic orchestras:
The state boasts three performing arts centers: DPAC in Durham, Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Raleigh, and the Blumenthal Performing Art Centers in Charlotte. They feature concerts, operas, recitals, and traveling Broadway musicals.[160][161][162]
Shopping
North Carolina has a variety of shopping choices.
Cuisine and agriculture
A culinary staple of North Carolina is pork barbecue. There are strong regional differences and rivalries over the sauces and methods used in making the barbecue. The common trend across Western North Carolina is the use of premium grade Boston butt. Western North Carolina pork barbecue uses a tomato-based sauce, and only the pork shoulder (dark meat) is used. Western North Carolina barbecue is commonly referred to as Lexington barbecue after the Piedmont Triad town of Lexington, home of the Lexington Barbecue Festival, which attracts more than 100,000 visitors each October.[163][164] Eastern North Carolina pork barbecue uses a vinegar-and-red-pepper-based sauce and the "whole hog" is cooked, thus integrating both white and dark meat.[165]
Over the last decade, North Carolina has become a cultural epicenter and haven for internationally prize-winning wine (Noni Bacca Winery), internationally prized cheeses (Ashe County), "L'institut International aux Arts Gastronomiques: Conquerront Les Yanks les Truffes, January 15, 2010" international hub for truffles (Garland Truffles), and beer making, as tobacco land has been converted to grape orchards while state laws regulating alcohol by volume (ABV) in beer allowed a jump from six to fifteen percent. The Yadkin Valley in particular has become a strengthening market for grape production, while Asheville recently won the recognition of being named "Beer City USA". Asheville boasts the largest number of breweries per capita of any city in the United States. Recognized and marketed brands of beer in North Carolina include Highland Brewing, Duck Rabbit Brewery, Mother Earth Brewery, Weeping Radish Brewery, Big Boss Brewing, Foothills Brewing, Carolina Brewing Company, Lonerider Brewing, and White Rabbit Brewing Company.
North Carolina has large grazing areas for beef and dairy cattle. Truck farms can be found in North Carolina. A truck farm is a small farm where fruits and vegetables are grown to be sold at local markets. The state's shipping, commercial fishing, and lumber industries are important to its economy. Service industries, including education, health care, private research, and retail trade, are also important. Research Triangle Park, a large industrial complex located in the Raleigh-Durham area, is one of the major centers in the country for electronics and medical research.[166]
Tobacco was one of the first major industries to develop after the
Ships named for the state
Several ships have been named after the state, most famously USS North Carolina in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II. Now decommissioned, she is part of the USS North Carolina Battleship Memorial in Wilmington. Another USS North Carolina, a nuclear attack submarine, was commissioned in Wilmington on May 3, 2008.[168]
State parks
The state maintains a group of protected areas known as the North Carolina State Park System, which is managed by the North Carolina Division of Parks & Recreation (NCDPR), an agency of the North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources (NCDNCR).[169]
Armed forces installations
Located in
On January 24, 1961, a B-52G broke up in midair and crashed after suffering a severe fuel loss, near Goldsboro, dropping two nuclear bombs in the process without detonation.[170] In 2013, it was revealed that three safety mechanisms on one bomb had failed, leaving just one low-voltage switch preventing detonation.[171]
Tourism
Charlotte is the most-visited city in the state, attracting 28.3 million visitors in 2018.
Every year the Appalachian Mountains attract several million tourists to the western part of the state,[174] including the historic Biltmore Estate. The scenic Blue Ridge Parkway and Great Smoky Mountains National Park are the two most visited national park and unit in the United States with more than 25 million visitors in 2013.[175] The City of Asheville is consistently voted as one of the top places to visit and live in the United States, known for its rich art deco architecture, mountain scenery and outdoor activities.[176][177]
In
In the
.The
The Outer Banks and surrounding beaches attract millions of people to the Atlantic beaches every year.[183]
The mainland northeastern part of the state, having recently adopted the name the
Transportation
Transportation systems in North Carolina consist of air, water, road, rail, and public transportation including intercity rail via Amtrak and light rail in Charlotte. North Carolina has the second-largest state highway system in the country as well as the largest ferry system on the East Coast.[184]
North Carolina's airports serve destinations throughout the United States and international destinations in Canada, Europe, Central America, and the Caribbean. In July 2022,
North Carolina has a growing passenger rail system with Amtrak serving most major cities. Charlotte is also home to North Carolina's only light rail system known as LYNX.[186]
Major highways
Primary Interstates
Auxiliary (three-digit) Interstates
Education
Primary and secondary education
Elementary and secondary public schools are overseen by the
Previously the SAT was the dominant university entrance examination students took. In 2004 76% of NC high school students took the SAT. In 2012 state law changed which required 11th grade students to take the ACT. The SAT testing rate fell to 46% in 2019. Because students now can take that test for free, the ACT became the dominant university entrance examination. This also caused SAT average scores to rise, as in 1996 North Carolina was 48th nationally in SAT scores, but the profile of students taking the SAT has gotten smaller.[192]
Colleges and universities
In 1795, North Carolina opened the first public university in the United States—the University of North Carolina (now named the
North Carolina is also home to many well-known private colleges and universities, including
North Carolina is also home to the oldest and largest folk school in the United States, the John C. Campbell Folk School.[198][199]
Health
The residents of North Carolina have a lower life expectancy than the U.S. national average of life expectancy. According to the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, in 2014, males in North Carolina lived an average of 75.4 years compared to the national average of 76.7 years. Females in North Carolina lived an average of 80.2 years compared to the national average of 81.5 years. Male life expectancy in North Carolina between 1980 and 2014 increased by an average of 6.9 years, slightly higher than the male national average of a 6.7-year increase. Life expectancy for females in North Carolina between 1980 and 2014 increased by 3.2 years, lower than the female national average of a 3.9-year increase.[200]
Using 2017–2019 data, the
Media
Early newspapers were established in the eastern part of North Carolina in the mid-18th century.
The
Government and politics
North Carolina registered voters as of March 16, 2024[update][205] | |||
---|---|---|---|
Party | Number of Voters | Percentage | |
Unaffiliated
|
2,747,605 | 36.84% | |
Democratic | 2,411,113 | 32.33% | |
Republican | 2,239,334 | 30.02% | |
Libertarian | 50,194 | 0.67% | |
No Labels | 7,742 | 0.10% | |
Green
|
2,056 | 0.03% | |
Total | 7,458,044 | 100.00% |
The government of North Carolina is divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. These consist of the
North Carolina's party loyalties have undergone a series of important shifts in the last few years: While the 2010 midterms saw
By 2008, demographic shifts, population growth, and increased liberalization in densely populated areas such as the Research Triangle, Charlotte, Greensboro, Winston-Salem, Fayetteville, and Asheville, propelled Barack Obama to victory in North Carolina, the first Democrat to win the state since 1976. In 2012, North Carolina was again considered a competitive swing state, with the Democrats even holding their 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte. However, Republican Mitt Romney ultimately eked out a two-point win in North Carolina, the only 2012 swing state Obama lost, and one of only two states (along with Indiana) to flip from Obama in 2008 to the GOP in 2012. Furthermore, Republican Donald Trump carried the state in 2016 and 2020.
In 2012, the state elected a Republican governor (Pat McCrory) and lieutenant governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats flipped control in 2012, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 midterm elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's 7th congressional district seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10–3 in favor of the GOP.
North Carolina Republicans won 10 of the 13 seats in 2016, when Democrats got 47 percent of the statewide vote. In 2018 Republicans took nine, with one seat undecided, even though Democrats got 48 percent of the overall vote.
As a result of the 2020 census, North Carolina gained another seat in the 118th United States Congress, for a total of 14.[207]
In a 2020 study, North Carolina was ranked as the 23rd easiest state for citizens to vote in.[208]
Gerrymandering
The state has been sued for racially gerrymandering the districts, which resulted in minority voting power being diluted in some areas, resulting in skewed representation. In 2000, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina ruled that the 12th congressional district was an illegal racial gerrymander.[209] This was again appealed, now as Easley v. Cromartie. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Eastern District of North Carolina in 2001 and ruled that the 12th district boundaries were not racially based but was a partisan gerrymander. They said this was a political question that the courts should not rule upon.[210]
In 2015, federal courts again ordered redistricting.[211] Two suits challenging the state congressional district map were led by "two dozen voters, the state Democratic Party, the state chapter of the League of Women Voters, and the interest group Common Cause".[211] They contend that the redistricting resulted in deliberate under-representation of a substantial portion of voters. This case reached the U.S. Supreme Court in March 2019, which also heard a related partisan gerrymandering case from Maryland.[211]
On February 4, 2022, the North Carolina Supreme Court struck down the congressional and state legislature district maps drawn by the GOP-controlled General Assembly on terms of partisan gerrymandering in a 4–3 ruling.[212] Later that month, a panel of three former judges chosen by the Wake County Superior Court drew and approved a remedial congressional map after the new map proposed by the General Assembly was struck down by the North Carolina Supreme Court. Though, the state legislature maps proposed by the General Assembly were allowed to be used. The General Assembly would then redraw all three maps for the 2024 elections in the state.[213][214]
On April 28, 2023, the North Carolina Supreme Court, after it flipped Republican in the 2022 elections, overturned the same ruling in a 5–2 decision, which cleared the way for gerrymandering in the next redistricting cycle.[215][216] New maps were approved by the General Assembly on October 25, 2023. All three new maps have clear partisan bias favoring the GOP, with allegations of racial bias made as well.[217][218][219]
In November 2023, a lawsuit was filed against the North Carolina Senate district map, specifically the 1st and 2nd Senate districts, in the Eastern District of North Carolina, arguing the map violates Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.[220][221][222] In December 2023, two lawsuits were filed in the Middle District of North Carolina, with the first challenging the 1st, 6th, 12th, and 14th congressional districts in the map,[223][224] and the second challenging all three district maps as racial gerrymanders.[225][226][227]
Sports
-
TheSpectrum Center, home arena of the NBA's Charlotte Hornets
North Carolina is home to four major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League, the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association, and Charlotte FC of Major League Soccer are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to two other top-level professional teams — the Charlotte Hounds of Major League Lacrosse and the North Carolina Courage of the National Women's Soccer League.
While North Carolina has no Major League Baseball team, it does have numerous Minor League Baseball teams, with the highest level of play coming from the Triple-A Charlotte Knights and Durham Bulls. Additionally, North Carolina has minor league teams in other team sports including soccer and ice hockey, most notably North Carolina FC and the Charlotte Checkers, both of which play in the second tier of their respective sports.
In addition to professional team sports, North Carolina has a strong affiliation with
Golf is a popular summertime leisure activity, and North Carolina has hosted several important professional golf tournaments.
See also
- Index of North Carolina–related articles
- Outline of North Carolina
- List of people from North Carolina
Notes
- ^ a b In 1893, the North Carolina General Assembly adopted the Latin words "Esse Quam Videri" as the state motto and directed that these words be placed with the state's coat of arms and the date "20 May 1775" upon the great seal.
- ^ Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.
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(a) Purpose. English and Spanish are the most common languages of the people of the United States of America and the State of North Carolina. This section is intended to preserve, protect and strengthen the English language, and not to supersede any of the rights guaranteed to the people by the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution of North Carolina. (b) English as the Official Language of North Carolina. English is the official language of the State of North Carolina.
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Works cited
- Lee, James Melvin (1923). History of American journalism. Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Company. (Alternative publication)
- Powell, William S., ed. (2000). Dictionary of North Carolina biography. Vol. II. University of North Carolina Press.
- Lefler, Hugh (numerous editions since 1934). North Carolina History Told by Contemporaries . University of North Carolina Press.
- Jones, H. G. (1984). North Carolina Illustrated, 1524–1984. University of North Carolina Press.
- North Carolina Manual. Published biennially by the Department of the Secretary of State since 1941.
- The Religion in North Carolina Digital Collection Archived August 17, 2020, at the UNC-Chapel Hill, and Wake Forest Universitycontributed the largest portion of the items in this collection, but the collection is enriched by unique materials from libraries and archives throughout North Carolina. The materials in this collection include local church histories, periodicals, clergy biographies, cookbooks, event programs, directories, and much more.
Further reading
- James, Clay; Orr, Douglas, eds. (1971). North Carolina Atlas: Portrait of a Changing Southern State.
- Christensen, Rob (2008). The Paradox of Tarheel Politics. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
- Cooper, Christopher A.; Knotts, H. Gibbs, eds. (2008). The New Politics of North Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
- Crow; Jeffrey J.; Tise, Larry E. (1979). Writing North Carolina History. Online. Archived July 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Eamon, Tom (2014). The Making of a Southern Democracy: North Carolina Politics from Kerr Scott to Pat McCrory. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
- Fleer, Jack D. (1994). North Carolina Government & Politics. Online political science textbook. Archived July 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Hawks, Francis L. (1857). History of North Carolina, Volumes I and II.
- Kersey, Marianne M.; Coble, Ran, eds. (1989). North Carolina Focus: An Anthology on State Government, Politics, and Policy. 2d ed. Raleigh: North Carolina Center for Public Policy Research.
- Lefler, Hugh Talmage (1963). A Guide to the Study and Reading of North Carolina History. Online. Archived July 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- Lefler, Hugh Talmage; Newsome, Albert Ray (1954, 1963, 1973). North Carolina: The History of a Southern State. Standard textbook.
- Link, William A. (2009). North Carolina: Change and Tradition in a Southern State. History by leading scholar.
- Luebke, Paul (1990). Tar Heel Politics: Myths and Realities.
- Orr, Doug, and Alfred W. Stuart. (2000) The North Carolina Atlas: Portrait for a New Century (U of North Carolina Press, 2000) online
- Powell, William S. (1979–88). Dictionary of North Carolina Biography. Vol. 1, A-C; vol. 2, D-G; vol. 3, H-K.
- Powell, William S. (1958). North Carolina Fiction, 1734–1957: An Annotated Bibliography.
- Powell, William S. (1989). North Carolina through Four Centuries. Standard textbook.
- Powell, William S.; Mazzocchi, Jay, eds. (2006). Encyclopedia of North Carolina.
- Ready, Milton. (2005). The Tarheel State: A History of North Carolina.
- Thuesen, Sarah Caroline. (2013). Greater Than Equal: African American Struggles for Schools and Citizenship in North Carolina, 1919–1965. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press.
- WPA Federal Writers' Project (1939). North Carolina: A Guide to the Old North State. Famous WPA guide to every town.
External links
General
- Official website
- North Carolina state library
- North Carolina Court System official site
- North Carolina at Curlie
- North Carolina State Guide, from the Library of Congress
Government and education
- Energy & Environmental Data for North Carolina
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of North Carolina
- North Carolina facts from U.S. Department of Agriculture ERS
- NC ECHO—North Carolina Exploring Cultural Heritage Online
- North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- NC Office of Archives and History
Other
- Geographic data related to North Carolina at OpenStreetMap