Bellevue Avenue Historic District

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Coordinates: 41°28′13″N 71°18′26″W / 41.47028°N 71.30722°W / 41.47028; -71.30722
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Bellevue Avenue Historic District
Major contributing properties
Bellevue Avenue Historic District is located in Rhode Island
Bellevue Avenue Historic District
Bellevue Avenue Historic District is located in the United States
Bellevue Avenue Historic District
LocationNewport, RI
Coordinates41°28′13″N 71°18′26″W / 41.47028°N 71.30722°W / 41.47028; -71.30722
Area606 acres (242 ha)
ArchitectMultiple
Architectural styleLate Victorian, Mixed (more than two styles from different periods)
NRHP reference No.72000023
Significant dates
Added to NRHPDecember 8, 1972[1]
Designated NHLDMay 11, 1976[2]

The Bellevue Avenue

Historic District is located along and around Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. Its property is almost exclusively residential, including many of the Gilded Age mansions built as summer retreats around the turn of the 20th century by the extremely wealthy, including the Vanderbilt and Astor families. Many of the homes represent pioneering work in the architectural styles
of the time by major American architects.

The district was declared a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1976.[2][3] Several of the mansions within the district are also individually National Historic Landmarks, and a number of them are open to the public as museums. The district has become one of Newport's major tourist attractions.

Geography

The district encompasses an area of 606 acres (245 ha) bounded by Block Island Sound and Narragansett Bay to the south and east, respectively, Spring Street and Coggeshall Avenue to the west, and Memorial Boulevard to the north. This takes in the southeastern quarter of the developed portions of the city on the southwestern neck of Aquidneck Island. Bellevue Avenue itself runs north–south for over two miles (3.2 km) through the middle of the district.

Belcourt Castle, is a privately owned house museum. Many others are owned by the Preservation Society of Newport County. Salve Regina University, home to some more historic buildings, including the William Watts Sherman House
, is wholly within the district, and there is also a more modern senior citizens home built in the mid-20th century.

Commercial properties are clustered near the

lots, leaving plenty of open space
within the district.

History

During the

independence, most of Newport's development remained around its downtown area, where port facilities, the mainstay of the city's economy, were. Early in the 19th century, visitors to the city in the summer months came to appreciate the moderating effects of the sea breezes and the panoramic ocean views. They began building cottages
along the higher ground where Bellevue Avenue, then a lightly traveled farm path, now runs.

Kingscote, the first Newport summer mansion

In 1839,

Shingle style, where that material was used as siding
instead of clapboard.

More and more wealthy families were drawn to Newport in the summers, transforming the architecture again.

Beechwood
to suit their needs.

These houses and their occupants made Newport synonymous with wealth and leisure in the early 20th century. Tennis and sailing would become associated with the city and the district through the tennis courts in the Casino, which hosted the early tournaments that became the US Open, and the America's Cup races which began being held in the nearby waters every three years. The onset of the Depression began to change this, as some families, faced with dwindling fortunes, turned their houses over to the public or private nonprofits such as the Preservation Society of Newport County.

As the trend toward tourism continued in the years after

The Elms
, the last of the mansions to be owned and operated by the original family, marked the end of the resort era.

Preservation efforts had been going on in the downtown historic district for years, and the city had begun to appreciate their value as tourist attractions. In 1965, it recognized as part of its original local historic district three smaller areas in the Bellevue area, later added to the National Register of Historic Places: the original Bellevue Avenue district along the residential portions of the street itself, the Ochre Point/Cliffs district around The Breakers and the Bellevue Avenue/Casino District in that area.

In 1972 the city applied to the National Park Service to combine all three and expand them into the current Bellevue Avenue district.[3] Four years later the new district was recognized as a National Historic Landmark District, the second of three in the city. The mansions and museums continue to be a draw for visitors to the city today.

Significant contributing properties

The builders of the mansions had the means to employ the best architectural talent available to them at the highest level of creativity. "The list of architects", says NPS historian Carolyn Pitts,"embraces almost every major designer of that time and what emerges at Newport is also a study of the development of the taste and skill of men like

McKim, Mead and White over their professional careers."[3]

Eight of the district's buildings have been designated as National Historic Landmarks in their own right. Several others are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Many are open to the public for guided tours.

National Historic Landmarks

Other major properties

Historic District Commission

To maintain the district's historic character, the city created its Historic District Commission (HDC) at the same time as the district itself. It consists of nine citizens appointed to three-year terms by the City Council to oversee not just the downtown historic district but Newport's other historic districts, two of which (downtown and Ocean Drive) are also recognized as National Historic Landmarks. The city considers them all one large district for its administrative purposes.[12]

The HDC must review any exterior alterations to a building in the district beyond ordinary maintenance and repair, and issue a Certificate of Appropriateness. It cannot order any changes made to a property.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. ^ a b "Bellevue Avenue Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2008.
  3. ^ a b c Pitts, Carolyn (February 5, 1976). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Bellevue Avenue Historic District (PDF). National Park Service.
  4. ^ "Bell, Isaac Jr., House". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  5. ^ "Breakers, The". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  6. ^ "Chateau-sur-Mer". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  7. ^ "Elms, The". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  8. ^ "Kingscote". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  9. ^ "Marble House". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  10. ^ "Newport Casino NHL". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  11. ^ "Sherman, William, Watts House". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 12, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
  12. ^ a b "Historic District Commission". City of Newport Department of Planning, Zoning and Inspection. Archived from the original on May 6, 2008. Retrieved April 27, 2008.

External links

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