Ben Viljoen
Benjamin Johannes Viljoen | |
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Born | Varkiesdraai, Wodehouse district, Cape Colony | 7 September 1869
Died | 14 January 1917 La Mesa, New Mexico, US | (aged 47)
Allegiance | South African Republic Mexico |
Years of service | 1896–1902 |
Rank | Assistant Commandant-General Major |
Unit | Krugersdorpse Vrywilligerskorps Transvaal Burgher Force Johannesburg Commando 1st Infantry Regiment, New Mexico National Guard |
Battles/wars | First Boer War (1880–1881) Jameson Raid (1895–1896) Second Boer War (1899–1902)
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Other work |
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Benjamin Johannes "Ben" Viljoen (7 September 1869 – 14 January 1917)
Krugersdorpse Vrywilligerskorps and the Volksraad
In 1890 he moved to Johannesburg and in 1896 he founded the Krugersdorpse Vrywilligerskorps experiencing combat with the Jameson Raiders. On the Uitlander issue, Viljoen was an ally of Paul Kruger. He is famously attributed to saying in the Volksraad that it was time to put trust in "God and the Mauser".[5]
First phase of the war
With the outbreak of the
Guerrilla war
With the end of the conventional phase of the war, he formed a powerful
Capture, imprisonment and war memoirs
He was eventually captured at
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His eldest son Wynand, his first wife "Lenie" Helena Beatrix Els and Viljoen, before 1900.
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Viljoen and his Commando, Pelgrimsrus district (Pilgrim's Rest, South Africa). A baboon with a rifle, 1901.
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Viljoen and his secretary after their capture by the British, January 1902.
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Commander Boshoff, Generals Cronjé and Viljoen at the Boer War spectacle, St. Louis World's Fair 1904.
Boer Colony in Mexico
Ben Viljoen was one of the South African refugee officers who formed a farm colony in Mexico with the assistance of
United States and the Boer War Circus
He left for the United States in 1904 along with General Piet Cronjé (of Battle of Paardeberg fame) to take part in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (St. Louis, Missouri) and the so-called "Boer War Circus" – portrayals of scenes from the Boer War. After leaving the fair, he settled down in the US. He divorced his wife, Lenie (née Els), who did not really want to leave South Africa, when the news reported he was engaged to May Belfort. He later married a US woman, Myrtle Dickerson. Attempts to establish a Boer settlement in the north of Mexico ended in failure.[11]
Civic life in New Mexico
He returned from Mexico to the US and was instrumental in organising Boer colonies in
Viljoen was also influential in agriculture. He introduced new crops and farming practices to the Mesilla Valley. Viljoen was interested in the creation of the Elephant Butte Dam and developed irrigation systems for the valley.
For a short while, he was US Consul in Germany, and also acted as military advisor to Francisco Madero until
Publications
Source:[13]
by Viljoen
- Mijne herinneringen uit den Anglo-Boeren-Oorlog, W. Versluys, Amsterdam, 1902. In Dutch.
- with P. van Breda (cartographer), My Reminiscences of the Anglo-Boer War, Hood, Douglas, & Howard, London, 1903. First author's name here "Benjamin Johannis Viljoen".[1]
- with A. Schowalter and H. A. Cremer (translators), Die Transvaaler im Krieg mit England, J.F. Lehmann's Verlag, München 1902, Series: Im Kampf um Südafrika. In German.
- Onder de Vierkleur, Zuid-Afrikaansche roman door Generaal Ben Viljoen, Em. Querido, Amsterdam, [1916]. In Dutch.
- Under the Vierkleur. A Romance of a Lost Cause, Boston Small, Maynard & Company 1904.
- Under the Vierkleur. A Romance of a Lost Cause, Special edition Louisiana Purchase Exhibition. South African Boer War Exhibition Company 1904.[14]
- Under the Vierkleur. A Romance of a Lost Cause, Boston Small, Maynard & Company 1904.
- Danie : roman (translated title: Danie: novel), Amsterdam : Querido, [1916]. In Dutch.
by others
- Jan W. Meijer, Generaal Ben Viljoen, 1868-1917, Protea Boekhuis, Pretoria, 2000. Biography in Afrikaans.
- Carel van der Merwe, Kansvatter – Die rustelose lewe van Ben Viljoen (translated title: Chance taker - The restless life of Ben Viljoen), Protea Boekhuis, Pretoria, 2019. ISBN 9781485310563. Biography in Afrikaans.[15]
Notes
- ^ a b c Viljoen, Ben J. (11 April 2008). My Reminiscences of the Anglo-Boer War by Ben J. Viljoen. Project Gutenberg. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
- ^ "Generaal Ben Viljoen, Benjamin Johannes Viljoen". geni.com. Geni. A MyHeritage Company. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ "Ben Viljoen, The Forgotten Boer War Hero", BHA News Number 139, Boksburg Historical Association, August 2006.
- ^ "Prominent persons in history who were Freemasons". www.englishlodgesofs.co.za. District Grand Lodge Orange Free State. 2018. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- ^ Thomas Pakenham, "The Boer War", Abacus, Little Brown & Co., (UK), London, 1997, page 101.
- ^ a b c Hall 1999, p. 32.
- ^ Thomas Pakenham, "The Boer War", Abacus, Little Brown & Co., (UK), London, 1997, page 425.
- ^ Thomas Pakenham, "The Boer War", Abacus, Little Brown & Co., (UK), London, 1997, page 493.
- ^ Hall 1999, p. 151
- ^ Mexifiles: The Boer Colony in Mexico http://mexfiles.net/2010/03/30/out-of-africa-via-teddy-roosevelt-a-circus-and-francisco-i-madero/
- JSTOR 44071886.
- ^ Frank McLynn, "Villa and Zapata. A History of Mexican Revolution", Basic Books, 2000, pg. 95
- ^ "Ben Viljoen". worldcat.org. OCLC WorldCat. 2023. Retrieved 22 April 2023. International bibliographic database.
- ^ Viljoen, Ben J. (1904). "Under the Vierkleur. A Romance of a Lost Cause". archive.org. South African Boer War Exhibition Company. Retrieved 22 April 2023. Full text.
- ^ Van der Merwe, Carel (2019). "Kansvatter : die rustelose lewe van Ben Viljoen". worldcat.org. Worldcat. Retrieved 22 April 2023.
Further reading
- Darrell Hall, The Hall Handbook of the Anglo Boer War. 1999. Pages 32, 135, 151, and 153. ISBN 0-86980-943-1.