Bernard of Auvergne

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For other uses, see Bernard of Auvergne (disambiguation).
Start of Bernard's critique of James of Viterbo in the manuscript Toulouse 744

Bernard of Auvergne was a French

bishop-elect of Clermont from 1304 to 1307. He is known for his defence of Thomism
.

Life

Bernard was a native of Gannat. He entered the Dominican Order at Clermont.[1][2]

As a

bishop of Clermont. His election was disputed and ultimately quashed by Pope Clement V in 1307.[5]

Works

Bernard was a

Thomist and a staunch defender of Thomas Aquinas against his critics, for which he earned the nickname Malleus (hammer).[1] His commentary on the Sentences is partially extant in a Prague manuscript copy covering only the first book.[6][7] It was printed at Lyon in 1519. Among his other works are five questions he answered in a public disputation and four sermons he preached between 1301 and 1305.[1] In addition, an anonymous impugnatio (attack) against Giles of Rome is often but not universally attributed to him.[6]

Bernard's most important writings are his three reprobationes, also called impugnationes or improbationes.

Durand of Saint-Pourçain, John Baconthorpe, Michael of Massa and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola. Two full and four fragmentary manuscript copies of the reprobatio to Godfrey are known; five copies of the reprobatio to James; and nine of that of Henry.[9]

Against Godfrey and Henry, Bernard defends Aquinas' metaphysical notion of the composition of essence and existence.[10] With Godfrey, he critiques James of Viterbo's notion of divine ideas whereby they have a separate existence from God himself while not actual existence until created.[11] On economic questions, Bernard rejects Henry of Ghent's defence of money-changing (campsoria) as too involved. The ethical money-changer (campsor) is justly compensated for his services and there is no more that needs to be said. He also rejects Henry's early view of rents, arguing that a rental contract created a transferrable "right to receive money" (ius percipiendi pecuniam). Henry himself eventual yielded to this view.[12]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Glorieux 2003.
  2. ^ Langholm 1992, pp. 295.
  3. ^ a b Toste 2010.
  4. ^ Friedman 2007, p. 412. Glorieux 2003 places his lectures in the period 1294–1297.
  5. ^ a b c Friedman 2007, p. 412.
  6. ^ a b c Friedman 2007, pp. 412–413.
  7. ^ Courtenay 2015, p. 23.
  8. ^ Langholm 1992, pp. 295–296.
  9. ^ Friedman 2007, pp. 413–414.
  10. ^ Côté 2016, p. 152.
  11. ^ Côté 2016, p. 164.
  12. ^ Langholm 1992, pp. 297–298.

Works cited

  • Courtenay, William J. (2015). "Peter of Auvergne, Master in Arts and Theology at Paris". In Christoph Flüeler; Lidia Lanza; Marco Toste (eds.). Peter of Auvergne: University Master of the 13th Century. De Gruyter. pp. 13–27.
    doi:10.1515/9783110228496.13
    .
  • Côté, Antoine (2016). "Bernard of Auvergne on James of Viterbo's Doctrine of Possibles: With a Critical Edition of Bernard's reprobatio of James's Quodlibet 1, Question 5" (PDF). Augustiniana. 66 (1–4): 151–184.
  • Friedman, Russell L. (2007). "Dominican Quodlibetal Literature, ca. 1260–1330". In Christopher Schabel (ed.). Theological Quodlibeta in the Middle Ages: The Fourteenth Century. Brill. pp. 401–491.
  • Glorieux, Palémon (2003). "Bernard of Auvergne (Alvernia)".
    The New Catholic Encyclopedia
    . Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). The Catholic University of America Press. p. 304.
  • Langholm, Odd (1992). Economics in the Medieval Schools: Wealth, Exchange, Value, Money and Usury According to the Paris Theological Tradition, 1200–1350. Brill.
    doi:10.1163/9789004452428
    .
  • Toste, Marco (2010). "Bernard of Auvergne". In Robert E. Bjork (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Oxford University Press.
  • Zuckerman, Charles (1982). "Some Texts of Bernard of Auvergne on Papal Power". Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale. 49: 174–204.
    JSTOR 26188651
    .

Further reading

External links
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