Bilhah

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Bilhah - detail from Flemish tapestry made around 1550, depicting Rachel giving Bilhah to Jacob.

Bilhah (בִּלְהָה‎ "unworried",

Standard Hebrew: Bilha, Tiberian Hebrew: Bīlhā) is a woman mentioned in the Book of Genesis.[1] Genesis 29:29 describes her as Laban's handmaiden (שִׁפְחָה), who was given to Rachel to be her handmaid on Rachel's marriage to Jacob. When Rachel failed to have children, Rachel gave Bilhah to Jacob like a wife to bear him children.[2] Bilhah gave birth to two sons, whom Rachel claimed as her own and named Dan and Naphtali.[3] Genesis 35:22 expressly calls Bilhah Jacob's concubine, a pilegesh. When Leah saw that she had stopped having children, she took her servant Zilpah
and gave her to Jacob like a wife to bear him children as well.

The

postexilic period. It appears more likely that they were foreign like Tamar and Asenath, who were considered to be 'secondary Matriarchs'.[9]

Bilhah is said to be buried in the Tomb of the Matriarchs in Tiberias.

In the Books of Chronicles, Shimei's brothers were said to have lived in a town called Bilhah and surrounding territories prior to the reign of David.[10]

Reuben's adultery with Bilhah

Reuben was Jacob's (Israel) eldest son with Leah. Genesis 35:22 says, "And it came to pass, while Israel dwelt in that land, that Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine; and Israel heard of it."[11] As a result of this adultery, he lost the respect of his father, who said: "Unstable as water, you shall excel no longer; For when you mounted your father’s bed, You brought disgrace—my couch he mounted!"[12]

Some rabbinical commentators interpreted the story differently, saying that Reuben's disruption of Bilhah's and Jacob's beds was not through sex with Bilhah. As long as Rachel was alive, say these commentators, Jacob kept her bed in his tent. When Rachel died, Jacob moved Bilhah's bed into his tent, who had been mentored by Rachel, to retain a closeness to his favourite wife. However, Reuben, Leah's eldest, felt that this move slighted his mother, who was also a primary wife, and so he moved his mother's bed into Jacob's tent and removed or overturned Bilhah's. This invasion of Jacob's privacy was viewed so gravely that the Bible equates it with adultery, and lost Reuben his first-born right to a double inheritance.[13][14]

In popular culture

References

  1. ISBN 978-1-58640-314-0
    .
  2. ^ Genesis 30:3–5
  3. ^ Genesis 30:6–8, 35:25
  4. ^ "The Testament of Naphtali" (1:9) as translated in The Forgotten Books of Eden by Rutherford H. Platt, Jr. [1]
  5. ^ "The Testament of Naphtali" (1:11) as translated in The Forgotten Books of Eden by Rutherford H. Platt, Jr. [2]
  6. ^ Rabbi Eliezer (1916). "Chapter 36". Pirke De Rabbi Eliezer. Translated by Friedlander, Gerald (1916 translation ed.). London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Turner & Co. Ltd. p. 271-272.
  7. ^ Ginzberg, Louis (1909) The Legends of the Jews, Volume I, Chapter VI: Jacob, at sacred-texts.com
  8. Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer
    , xxxvi.
  9. ^ Reiss, Moshe; Zucker, David J. (2014). "Co-opting the Secondary Matriarchs". Brill.
  10. ^ 1 Chronicles 4:27–29
  11. ^ Genesis 35:22
  12. ^ Genesis 49:4
  13. ISBN 978-965-229-342-8
    .
  14. OCLC 1162008537
    .
  15. ^ "10 Things You Didn't Know About 'The Handmaid's Tale'". 4 May 2017.
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