CSS Winslow
| History | |
|---|---|
 Confederate States | |
| Name | Winslow |
| Operator | North Carolina, later Confederate States Navy |
| Builder | B. C. Terry, New York City |
| Launched | 1846 |
| Commissioned | 1861 for military service |
| Fate | Wrecked and burned, November 7, 1861 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Sidewheel steamer |
| Tonnage | 207 tons |
| Armament | 1 32-pounder gun, 1 6-pounder rifled gun |
CSS Winslow was a
lightship
on November 7. The Confederates rescued Winslow's crew and burned the wreck.
Service history
Winslow, which was originally known as Joseph E. Coffee or J. E. Coffee, was
sidewheel steamer, Joseph E. Coffee had a tonnage of 207 tons.[2] Her first home port was New York City,[1] and she was used in the coastal merchant trade.[3] The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS) describes her as a river steamer, and notes that she had at least at one point been associated with Norfolk, Virginia. After the secession of North Carolina in May 1861, she was purchased and converted for military service in the American Civil War.[4] The purchase took place at Norfolk.[5] As a military vessel, she became known as Winslow or Warren Winslow.[6]
Winslow became part of the small North Carolina Navy, which was also known as the Mosquito Fleet. All of the vessels of the Mosquito Fleet were converted civilian ships, of which Winslow was the fastest in its military form. While the other ships were only armed with a single cannon,[3] Winslow was armed with both a 32-pounder gun and a 6-pounder rifled cannon.[4] The 32-pounder was positioned at the front of the vessel, with the other cannon on the afterdeck.[3] The first of the North Carolina vessels to enter operational military service, Winslow was commanded by Lieutenant Thomas M. Crossan.[7] She served along the North Carolina coast.[6]
Along with two other North Carolina vessels, the converted civilian vessels
bark Linwood, and the schooner Herbert Manton. Hannah White and Herbert Manton had been loaded with molasses, Linwood with coffee, and Lydia Francis with sugar. In July, the ships of the North Carolina Navy were transferred to serve with the Confederate States Navy.[8]
After her transfer to the Confederacy, Winslow continued to raid commerce near
Battle of Forts Hatteras and Clark on August 28 and 29, Winslow was present and came under Union fire.[4] Late on the first day, Winslow joined other Confederate vessels in landing reinforcements for Confederate-held Fort Hatteras, including Commodore Samuel Barron, the Confederate commander.[10] When the fort fell to Union forces, Winslow and the gunboat CSS Ellis were able to evacuate some of the survivors. Barrett describes the number of men that could be evacuated as "a few",[11] while the DANFS describes the evacuees as "many wounded and refugees". The survivors were taken to Goldsboro, North Carolina.[4]
On November 5, the
lightship at Beacon Island had previously been burned by the Union. Several Confederate vessels instead came to the rescue of Prony, including Winslow. Winslow struck the wreck of the lightship and sank.[12] The historian Fred M. Mallison states that the rescue of Prony occurred on November 6,[13] while Silverstone, DANFS, and the historian W. Craig Gaines note that Winslow ran aground on November 7.[14][6][4] Her crew was rescued by Ellis and Beaufort, after which the wrecks of Winslow and Prony were burned.[15]
References
- ^ a b Lytle 1952, p. 103.
- ^ Silverstone 1989, pp. 241, 253.
- ^ a b c Trotter 1989, p. 19.
- ^ a b c d e f "Winslow". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ Official Records 1921, p. 272.
- ^ a b c d Silverstone 1989, p. 241.
- ^ a b Barrett 1963, p. 35.
- ^ Trotter 1989, pp. 19, 22.
- ^ Trotter 1989, p. 24.
- ^ Barrett 1963, pp. 39–41.
- ^ Barrett 1963, p. 45.
- ^ Mallison 1998, pp. 55–57.
- ^ Mallison 1998, p. 56.
- ^ Gaines 2008, p. 131.
- ^ Mallison 1998, pp. 56–57.
Sources
- Barrett, John G. (1963). The Civil War in North Carolina. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4520-5.
- Gaines, W. Craig (2008). Encyclopedia of Civil War Shipwrecks. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: ISBN 978-0-8071-3274-6.
- Lytle, William M. (1952). Merchant Steam Vessels of the United States 1807–1868. Mystic, Connecticut: The Steamship Historical Society of America. OCLC 7195533.
- Mallison, Fred M. (1998). The Civil War on the Outer Banks: A History of the Late Rebellion Along the Coast of North Carolina from Carteret to Currituck, with Comments on Prewar Conditions and an Account of Postwar Recovery. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. ISBN 0-7864-0417-5.
- Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, Series 2. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1921. OCLC 5194016.
- Silverstone, Paul H. (1989). Warships of the Civil War Navies. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-783-6.
- Trotter, William R. (1989). Ironclads and Columbiads: The Civil War in North Carolina: The Coast. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair. ISBN 0-89587-088-6.
