Cadbury Camp

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Coordinates: 51°26′55″N 2°47′13″W / 51.44861°N 2.78694°W / 51.44861; -2.78694
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Cadbury Camp
OS grid reference
ST 45406 72467
BuiltIron Age
Official nameCadbury Camp
Designated17 October 1930[1]
Reference no.1008295
Cadbury Camp is located in Somerset
Cadbury Camp
Location of Cadbury Camp in Somerset

Cadbury Camp is an

History of the Kings of Britain
.

The 7-acre (2.8 ha) hill fort is well preserved, and is managed by the

National Trust through a Higher Level Stewardship agreement with Natural England which involves tree clearing, including non-native Turkey Oaks
, and management of the scrub.

The name Cadbury is derived from "Cada's byrig"; byrig is the Anglo-Saxon word meaning "fort" or "town", which is frequently, but not exclusively, used to refer to hill-forts.[4][5][6] It is one of three sites in Somerset to include the Cadbury name, the others being Cadbury Castle, near South Cadbury and Cadbury Hill which is also known as Cadbury-Congresbury to distinguish it from the other sites.

Location

Cadbury Camp is situated on a natural ridge between the Gordano Valley and the North Somerset Levels, next to the Limebreach Wood ancient woodland and nature reserve.[7][8]

History

The

hill fort was constructed during the Iron Age, probably by the local Dobunni tribe, however the details are not fully known. The discovery of a bronze spear or axe head at the site indicates use before the Iron Age.[4][1] The Bronze Age spearhead is in the Museum of Somerset in Taunton.[2][9]

Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC.[10] The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people.[11] Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "the forts provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress of an increasing population burst out into open warfare. But I would not see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".[12]

Plan of earthworks at Cadbury Camp, Tickenham

The fort, which covers about 7 acres (2.8 ha),[2] consisted of ditches and earth banks topped with a wooden fence in an elevated position above the marshy land below.[4] The ramparts are 45 feet (14 m) apart.[13] It extends approximately 190 metres (620 ft) from north to south and 160 metres (520 ft) from east to west. The ditch is around 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) deep and the ramparts rise up around 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in).[1]

After the Iron Age occupation may have continued into the

Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery.[9]

During World War II the site was used for bomb disposal and as the location for a searchlight battery.[2]

Current management

The site was once part of the estate linked to

orchids.[16]

Myths and legends

Local legends associate it with Arthurian England and Camelot, though these may be due to confusion with the better-known Cadbury Castle, near South Cadbury some 50 miles to the south.[17][18]

360° Panoramic view of Cadbury Camp. This photograph was taken from the edge of the camp, which caused a distorted perspective.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Historic England. "Cadbury Camp, a small multivalate hillfort on Cadbury Hill (1008295)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Historic England. "Cadbury Camp (195367)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  3. ^ "St. Carantoc « kingarthursomerset". 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e "The Iron Age past of Cadbury Camp". National Trust. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Clambering over Cadbury Camp" (PDF). North Somerset Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  6. ISBN 978-0-19-869103-7
    .
  7. ^ "Horse riding in North Somerset: 10 beautiful bridleways". North Somerset Times. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  8. ^ "National Character Area profile: 118: Bristol, Avon Valleys and Ridges" (PDF). Natural England. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  9. ^ a b "Cadbury Camp Tickenham". 466AD. Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  10. ISBN 978-1-873592-85-4. Archived from the original
    on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  11. ISBN 978-0713460834
    .
  12. ^ "Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds". Channel 4. 19 May 2008. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
  13. ^ Seyer, Samuel (1821). Memoirs Historical and Topographical of Bristol and its Neighbourhood. Volume 1. Bristol: Samuel Seyer. p. 81. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  14. ISBN 978-0860541370
    .
  15. ^ "Cadbury Camp". National Trust. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  16. ^ a b "Cadbury Camp — our work". National Trust. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  17. ISBN 978-0786430253
    .
  18. ISBN 9780786478019
    .

External links

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