Cause of death

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For a comprehensive list of potential causes, see List of causes of death by rate.
For other uses, see Cause of death (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Manner of death.

In law, medicine, and statistics, cause of death is an official determination of the conditions resulting in a human's death, which may be recorded on a death certificate. A cause of death is determined by a medical examiner. In rare cases, an autopsy needs to be performed by a pathologist. The cause of death is a specific disease or injury, in contrast to the manner of death, which is a small number of categories like "natural", "accident", "suicide", and "homicide", each with different legal implications.[1]

International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes can be used to record manner and cause of death in a systematic way that makes it easy to compile statistics and more feasible to compare events across jurisdictions.[2]

Accuracy concerns

A study published in Preventing Chronic Disease found that only one-third of New York City resident physicians reported believing that the present system of documentation was accurate. Half reported the inability to record "what they felt to be the correct cause of death", citing reasons such as technical limitation and instruction to "put something else". Nearly four-fifths reported being unaware that determinations of "probable", "presumed", or "undetermined" could be made, and fewer than three percent reported ever updating a death certificate when conflicting lab results or other new information became available, and cardiovascular disease was indicated as "the most frequent diagnosis inaccurately reported".[3]

Causes of death are sometimes disputed by relatives or members of the public, particularly when some degree of uncertainty or ambiguity exists in relation to the cause of death. On occasion, such disputes may result from, or sometimes instigate, a conspiracy theory.

Public perception of the relative risk of death by various causes is biased by personal experience and by media coverage. The phrase "hierarchy of death" is sometimes used to describe the factors that cause some deaths to get more attention than others.

Though some opponents of abortion consider it a cause of death, conventionally medical authorities do not confer personhood on fetuses that are not viable outside the womb, and thus abortions are not reported as deaths in these statistics.[4]

Aging

Main article:
Aging
See also: Maximum life span, Longevity, and Life expectancy

Health departments discourage listing "

biological aging is the biggest contributor to deaths worldwide. It is estimated that of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds—100,000 per day—die of age-related causes.[6] In industrialized nations the proportion is much higher, reaching 90%.[6] In recent years, there have been official claims about a possibility of recognizing aging itself as a disease.[7][8][9][10][11]
If this would be so, the situation would change.

Emotional death

There are also popular notions that someone can be "

stress hormones, and can cause cardiovascular problems (especially in those with pre-existing conditions). This is the proposed mechanism for the observed increase in the death rate due to cardiac arrest after widely experienced acutely stressful events such as terrorism, military attacks, and natural disasters (even among those who are not in the affected area) and for documented deaths in muggings and other frightening events which caused no traumatic physical harm.[12][13] The proximal medical cause of death in these cases is likely to be recorded as cardiac failure or vagal inhibition (which also has other potential causes such as blows to certain parts of the body and nerve injuries).[14]

One specific condition observed to result from acute stress, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, is nicknamed "broken heart syndrome", but the stress need not be relationship-related and need not be negative.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ Cause & Manner of Death – Medical Examiner, Snohomish County, Washington
  2. ^ National Center for Health Statistics – Classification of Death and Injury Resulting from Terrorism – How are external cause of injury codes assigned?, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. retrieved July 7 2019
  3. PMID 23660118
    .
  4. ^ "Was Abortion the 'Leading Cause of Death' in 2018?". Snopes. January 3, 2019.
  5. ^ "Reporting Causes of Death for the Elderly" (PDF). Oregon Health Authority. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
  6. ^
    S2CID 201101995. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on October 13, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  7. PMID 26583032
    .
  8. PMID 28966803
    .
  9. S2CID 51726070
    .
  10. PMID 31672885
    .
  11. S2CID 214779653
    .
  12. ^ Ballantyne, Coco. "Can a person be scared to death?". Scientific American.
  13. ^ "Can you literally be scared to death? Science says yes". Fox News. 24 October 2012.
  14. ^ healthdrip. "Vagal inhibition – Health Drip". Archived from the original on 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
  15. ^ "Is Broken Heart Syndrome Real?".
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