Chōonpu
Japanese writing |
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Components |
Uses |
Transliteration |
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Multi-syllabic kana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The chōonpu (
The symbol is sometimes used with hiragana, for example in the signs of ramen restaurants, which are normally written らーめん in hiragana. Usually, however, hiragana does not use the chōonpu but another vowel kana to express this sound.
The following table shows the usual hiragana equivalents used to form a long vowel, using the ka-gyō (the ka, ki, ku, ke, ko sequence) as an example.
Romaji | Hiragana | Katakana |
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kā (kaa) | かあ | カー |
kī (kii) | きい | キー |
kū (kuu) | くう | クー |
kē (kee or kei) | けえ or けい | ケー |
kō (koo or kou) | こお or こう | コー |
Onbiki may also be found after kanji as indication of phonetic, rather than phonemic, length of a vowel (as in "キョン君、電話ー").
When rendering English words into katakana, the chōonpu is often used to represent a syllable-final sequence of a vowel letter + r, which in English generally represents a long vowel if the syllable is stressed and a schwa if unstressed (in non-rhotic dialects such as
In addition to Japanese, chōonpu are also used in
also uses chōonpu in its katakana writing for long vowels.Digital encoding
In
Preview | ー | ー | ||
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Unicode name | KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK | HALFWIDTH KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
Unicode | 12540 | U+30FC | 65392 | U+FF70 |
UTF-8 | 227 131 188 | E3 83 BC | 239 189 176 | EF BD B0 |
Numeric character reference | ー |
ー |
ー |
ー |
Shift JIS[1] | 129 91 | 81 5B | 176 | B0 |
EUC-JP[2] |
161 188 | A1 BC | 142 176 | 8E B0 |
GB 18030[3] | 169 96 | A9 60 | 132 49 151 50 | 84 31 97 32 |
KPS 9566-2011[4] | 234 72 | EA 48 | ||
Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)[5][a] | 198 227 | C6 E3 |
Other representations
Footnotes
- ^ The other kana layout for Big5 does not include a chōonpu.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-03-08]. "Shift-JIS to Unicode".
- ^ Unicode Consortium; IBM. "EUC-JP-2007". International Components for Unicode.
- ^ Standardization Administration of China (SAC) (2005-11-18). GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set.
- ^ Chung, Jaemin (2018-01-05). "Information on the most recent version of KPS 9566 (KPS 9566-2011?)" (PDF). UTC L2/18-011.
- ^ van Kesteren, Anne. "big5". Encoding Standard. WHATWG.
- ^ Unicode Consortium (2015-12-02) [1994-02-11]. "BIG5 to Unicode table (complete)".
External links
- Media related to Chōonpu at Wikimedia Commons