Chaimas Kaplanas
Chaimas Kaplanas (Russian: Хаимас Капланас,
Biography
Early life
Kaplanas was born on June 20, 1899 in
Career
By mid-1920 the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party sent Kaplanas to Vilnius.[4] He was active in party work in Vilnius.[1] As the Red Army withdrew from Vilnius he shifted to Kaunas where he took part in underground organizing activities.[4] In Kaunas he organized the Military Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania (LKP).[4] In February 1921 Kaplanas was arrested in Kaunas, and was subsequently imprisoned at Kaunas Prison.[1][4] At Kaunas Prison the communist prisoners repeatedly went on hunger strikes, in protest against the death sentences issued by military tribunals against jailed revolutionaries and against illtreatment by the prison authorities. During his eight months of imprisonment Kaplanas took part in four hunger strikes.[4] Kaplanas was released from jail on bail before trial. In September 1921 LKP sent him to Vilnius (then under Polish rule) were Kaplanas was placed in charge of organizing party cells in the area. He was inducted into the LKP Vilnius City Committee and the LKP District Committee.[4]
In October 1922 Kaplanas left for
Kaplanas was elected as delegate of the Šiauliai Party District to the July 1924
By late 1924 Kaplanas was named Kaunas Party District Committee secretary.[4] He remained in this position until 1927.[1][9] By mid-1925 he was inducted into the LKP Central Committee as a candidate member.[1][4] During this period Kaplanas was active in organizing underground press publishing activities.[2] Together with M. Slivka, Kaplanas set up an underground Yiddish printing press in a house on Veiverių gatvė in Kaunas.[10] Between 1925 and 1926 he was the editor the Yiddish-language LKP Kaunas District Committee organ Proletarisher signal.[10][11] Once Undzer emes began to be distributed inside Lithuania, the publication of Proletarisher signal was discontinued.[10]
In 1926 he went into exile in the German city
The Kaunas Party District elected Kaplanas as one of its delegates to the 4th LKP party conference, held in Moscow September 10-October, 1927.[2][4] At the 4th party conference Kaplanas presented a report on the work among national minorities.[2] Around this time Kaplanas tried to remain neutral in the inner-party conflict between the two main LKP leaders Vincas Kapsukas and Zigmas Angarietis, but appeared as favouring Kapsukas. During the process to elect the new Central Committee, Angarietis appealed to the conference not to elect Kaplanas. Kaplanas' candidacy was unsuccessful. Kaplanas was notably upset over the outcome of the party conference, with the proceedings records noting that he had banged his fist in rage.[9]
Later years
Kaplanas would remain in Moscow after the party conference, and would no longer be a LKP party member.[4][1] He worked and studied in Moscow, graduating from the Industrial Academy.[4][1] Kaplanas served in the Red Army between 1941 and 1945.[1] When the 16th Lithuanian Division was formed in May 1942, he was inducted into it and sent to the frontline.[4]
After demobilization, Kaplanas began working in a managerial role in the Union of Consumers Societies of the Lithuanian SSR (Litpotrebsoyuz) in Vilnius. He retired in 1959.[4][1] As of 1971, the then-retired Kaplanas was a member of the LKP Primary Organization at the Kaunas State Historical Museum.[15] Kaplanas died on February 8, 1989.[3]
Bibliography
- Ch. Kaplanas. Kareivinėse neramu; iš atsiminimų, 1918-1927. [Literatūrinis bendraautoris P. Kirijenka], Vilnius, Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla, 1961[16]
- Ch. Kaplanas, Juozas Chlivickas , Žvalgas kasdien pavojuje, 1972[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lietuviškoji tarybinė enciklopedija, Volume 5. 1976. p. 276
- ^ a b c d e f Lietuvos Komunistų partijos istorijos apybraiža: 1920-1940. Partijos istorijos institutas (Vilnius, Lithuania). Mintis, 1971. pp. 111, 123, 181, 192, 227, 650
- ^ a b Летопись печати. Issues 1-3. 1989. p. 91
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s ПЯТЬДЕСЯТ ПЯТЬ ЛЕТ В ПАРТИИ. Kommunist, Issue 6 (600). Gazetno-zhurnalʹnoe izd-vo T︠S︡K KP Litvy. June 1974. pp. 84-85
- ^ M. Jučas. Tarybinės Klaipėdos istorijos klausimai: skiriama Klaipėdos išvadavimo iš hitlerinių grobikų 30-osioms metinėms. Lietuvos TSR Mokslų akademija, Istorijos institutas, 1977. p. 53
- ^ Aukštaitijos partizanų prisiminimai: Laisves kovotoju prisiminimai. Vaga, 2010. p. 11
- ^ a b Ch. Kaplanas. в борьбе за советскую власть. In Коммунист, February 1971. pp. 34-38
- ^ Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija: Grūdas-Marvelės. 1985. p. 587
- ^ a b c Marius Ėmužis. „Kapsukizmas“ ir „angarietistai“: konfiktas tarp Lietuvos komunistų partijos lyderių 1926–1927 metais. Lietuvos istorijos studijos, vol. 48, 2021. pp. 52-69
- ^ a b c Romas Šarmaitis, E. Mertinienė, A. Ulpis. Lietuvos Komunistų partijos spauda 1917-1940 bibliografija · Volume 2. 1981. p. 228
- ^ Lietuvos enciklopedija: Masaitis-Simno. 1987. p. 455
- ^ Mažosios Lietuvos enciklopedija. komunistų partija Rytprūsiuose
- ^ Tadas Adomonis (1986). Lithuania: An Encyclopedic Survey. Encyclopedia Publishers. p. 149.
- ^ Motiejus Šumauskas. Kovu̜ verpetuose. Vaga, 1973. p. 114
- ^ Vytauto Didžiojo karo muziejus. VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO KARO MUZIEJUS 2012 METAIS ALMANACHAS
- ^ Literatūros ir meno metraštis, Volume 4. Valstybinė grožinės literatūros leidykla., 1962. p. 293