Charles Alvin Beckwith

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Charles Alvin Beckwith
Battles/warsKorean War
Laotian Civil War
Malayan Emergency
Vietnam War (WIA)
Operation Eagle Claw
AwardsDistinguished Service Cross
Silver Star (2)
Legion of Merit (3)
Distinguished Flying Cross
Bronze Star Medal (4)
Purple Heart
Other workSecurity consultant

Charles Alvin "Charlie" Beckwith (22 January 1929 – 13 June 1994) was a career

counterterrorism and asymmetric warfare unit of the United States Army, based on his experience serving with the British Special Air Service. He served in the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation and the Vietnam War, and attained the rank of colonel
before his retirement.

Early life and education

Beckwith was born in

Career

After the Korean War (1950–1953) was over, then-Second Lieutenant Beckwith served as a platoon leader with Charlie Company, 17th Infantry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division in South Korea. In 1955, Beckwith was assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division as the commander of the combat support company of the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment.

In 1958, after completing Ranger School, Beckwith joined the Special Forces and was assigned to the 7th Special Forces Group. In 1960, then-Captain Beckwith deployed to Laos for two years on Operation Hotfoot.[1]

In 1962, Beckwith was sent as an

22 Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) where he commanded 3 Troop, A Squadron.[1] He conducted war-time guerilla operations with the SAS during the Malayan Emergency.[1] In the jungle, he contracted a case of leptospirosis so severe that doctors did not expect him to survive. However, he made a full recovery within months.[2]

Upon his return from England, Beckwith presented a detailed report outlining the Army's vulnerability in not having an SAS-type unit. For several years, Beckwith (who was still a Captain) submitted and re-submitted the report to Army brass, only to be repeatedly thwarted in his efforts. Special Forces leadership at the time thought that they had enough on their hands and did not need the trouble of creating a new unit.[3]

Meanwhile, as the 7th SFG(A) operations officer, Beckwith went to work revolutionizing Green Beret training. Special Forces at the time focused on unconventional warfare, and especially foreign internal defense: i.e. training indigenous personnel in resistance activities. But Beckwith recognized that, "Before a Special Forces Green Beret soldier could become a good unconventional soldier, he'd first have to be a good conventional one... Because I had commanded rifle and weapons companies, I was appalled on arriving in Special Forces to find officers who had never commanded conventional units."[4] Beckwith restructured 7th's training, basically rewriting the book on Army special operations training from the real-world lessons he had learned with the SAS. Beckwith also had learned that a symbol of excellence like a beret had to be earned. Officers were being assigned to Special Forces straight out of war college with no prior special ops experience and were given their Green Beret on arrival. Beckwith instituted the hard-nosed and practical training standards that would lend themselves to the birth of the modern Q-Course.

In 1965, Beckwith volunteered to return to Vietnam where he was selected to command a high-priority special forces unit Project Delta (Operational Detachment B-52).[1] He used his SAS experience to test and select men for long-range reconnaissance operations in South Vietnam.[1] Following his promotion to Major, Beckwith led B-52 in the rescue of the besieged Special Forces camp at the Siege of Plei Me,[1] during which President Lyndon B. Johnson requested to speak to him directly over radio in order to congratulate and encourage him; his iron-fist disciplinarian style of running of the camp is described in detail in CBS News Journalist John Laurence's book "The Cat from Hué".

Beckwith was critically wounded in early 1966 (he took a .50 caliber bullet through his abdomen). It was so bad that medical personnel triaged him as beyond help for the second time in his military career.[5] This time, again, Beckwith made a full recovery and went on to overhaul the Florida Phase of the U.S. Army Ranger School. Beckwith transformed this phase from a scripted exercise based upon the Army's World War II experience, into a Vietnam-oriented jungle training regimen.[1]

In 1968, following the

NVA defenders so that Fire Support Base Bastogne
could be established.

From 1973 to 1974, Beckwith served as commander, Control Team "B" with the

Fort Bragg, North Carolina as the Commandant of the U.S. Army Special Warfare School.[1]

Delta Force

Charles Beckwith in 1980

Although Beckwith had presented proposals throughout the 1960s for a superbly elite, highly autonomous direct-action unit, the idea had sat on the shelf for a decade. Finally, in the mid-'70s, as the threat of international terrorism became imminent, Beckwith was appointed to form his unit. During the time Beckwith was forming his unit, counter-terrorism duties fell to the special forces community. The 5th Special Forces Group quickly formed the counter-terrorism unit Blue Light to fill in until Delta was fully operational.[6]

1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta was then established on 17 November 1977, by Beckwith and Colonel Thomas M. Henry, as a counterterrorism unit based on the model of the British Special Air Service, but with a greater focus on hostage rescue in addition to covert operations and specialized reconnaissance.[7]

Beckwith led Delta Force's first mission,

JSOC was also formed, directly based on Beckwith's recommendations during Senate investigations into the mission's failure.[8][1]

Personal life

Beckwith was married to Katherine Beckwith, and they had three daughters.[9] One of his daughters, Constance "Connie" Howe, is a former United States Army Reserve major and married to Delta Force Master Sergeant Paul R. Howe, who fought in the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993. His granddaughter, United States Air Force Technical Sergeant Mary Howe (now Daniell), is an aerial gunner of 4th Special Operations Squadron. A second daughter, Margaret Kazmierski, served as an army captain in the Judge Advocate Generals Corps (JAG) and her son Captain Zackery Kazmierski graduated from West Point in 2017.[citation needed]

Later life and death

Following his disappointment at the failure of the Iranian operation, Beckwith retired from the Army. He started a consulting firm and wrote a book about Delta Force.[10] In 1994, he died at his home of natural causes.[9]

Beckwith's remains are interred in the

San Antonio, Texas.[11]

Awards and decorations

Beckwith's awards include:[1][12]

Other decorations

See also

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Distinguished member of the special forces regiment – Colonel Charles A. Beckwith" (PDF). United States Army Special Operations Command. 13 December 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016.
  2. ^ Beckwith, Knox & Mobley 2000, p. 36.
  3. ^ Beckwith, Knox & Mobley 2000, p. 48.
  4. ^ Beckwith, Knox & Mobley 2000, p. 52.
  5. ^ Beckwith, Knox & Mobley 2000, p. 352.
  6. ^ Ian D'Costa (3 August 2020). "This long-forgotten unit was the direct predecessor to Delta Force". wearethemighty.com. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  7. ^ Goolsby, Denise (14 July 2016). "Palm Springs man was Army Delta Force co-creator". The Desert Sun. Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  8. ^ Beckwith, Knox & Mobley 2000.
  9. ^ a b "Col. Charlie Beckwith, 65, Dies; Led Failed Rescue Effort in Iran". The New York Times. 14 June 1994. Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  10. .
  11. from the original on 24 January 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  12. ^ a b "Beckwith, Charles Alvin, COL". army.togetherweserved.com. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.

General references