Chimera (virus)
(Redirected from
Chimeric virus
)A chimera or chimeric virus is a
zygotes or an organism that developed from portions of different embryos.[citation needed] Chimeric flaviviruses have been created in an attempt to make novel live attenuated vaccines.[2]
Etymology
In
formed from parts of different animals, thus the name for these viruses.As a natural phenomenon
Viruses are categorized in two types: In
RNA viruses account for the majority of the virome diversity although ssDNA and dsDNA viruses are common as well.[3]
In 2012, the first example of a naturally-occurring RNA-DNA hybrid virus was unexpectedly discovered during a
metagenomic study of the acidic extreme environment of Boiling Springs Lake that is in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California.[4][5] The virus was named BSL-RDHV (Boiling Springs Lake RNA DNA Hybrid Virus).[6] Its genome is related to a DNA circovirus, which usually infect birds and pigs, and a RNA tombusvirus, which infect plants. The study surprised scientists, because DNA and RNA viruses vary and the way the chimera came together was not understood.[4][7]
Other viral chimeras have also been found, and the group is known as the CHIV viruses ("chimeric viruses").[3]
As a bioweapon
Combining two
's decree of 11 April 1992.A combination Smallpox virus and Monkeypox virus has also been studied.[8]
As a medical treatment
Studies have shown that chimeric viruses can also be developed to have medical benefits. The US
non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. By introducing a chimeric antigen receptor into T cells, the T cells become more efficient at identifying and attacking the tumor cells.[11] Studies are also in progress to create a chimeric vaccine against four types of Dengue virus, however this has not been successful yet.[12]
References
- ^ Hill, Richard E. Jr (8 December 2005). "Center for Veterinary Biologics Notice No. 05-23" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - Center for Veterinary Biologics.
- PMID 14714441.
- ^ PMID 5898234.
- ^ a b Diemer, Geoffrey S.; Stedman, Kenneth M. (11 June 2013). "A novel virus genome discovered in an extreme environment suggests recombination between unrelated groups of RNA and DNA viruses". Biology Direct. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ Thompson, Helen (20 April 2012). "Hot spring yields hybrid genome: Researchers discover natural chimaeric DNA-RNA virus". Nature. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ Devor, Caitlin (12 July 2012)."Scientists discover hybrid virus". Journal of Young Investigators". Retrieved 31 March 2020.
- ^ BioMed Central Limited (18 April 2012). "Could a newly discovered viral genome change what we thought we knew about virus evolution?". ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ^ a b Collett, Marc S. (2006). "Impact of Synthetic Genomics on the Threat of Bioterrorism with Viral Agents". Working Papers for Synthetic Genomics: Risks and Benefits for Science and Society: 83–103.
- .
- ^ Ainscough, Michael J. (2004). "Next Generation Bioweapons: Genetic Engineering and BW" (PDF). Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- PMID 29851933.
- ^ US Grant US10053493B2, William Messer; Aravinda De Silva & Boyd Yount, "Methods and compositions for dengue virus vaccines", published 2014, issued 2018, assigned to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill