Christ in the House of Martha and Mary (Velázquez)
Christ in the House of Martha and Mary | |
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National Gallery , London |
Christ in the House of Martha and Mary is an oil-on-canvas painting from Spanish artist
Description and interpretation
Velázquez has painted the interior of a kitchen with two half-length women to the left; the one on the left appeared in his
In the background is a biblical scene, generally accepted to be the story of
The plight of Martha clearly relates to that of the maid in the foreground. She has just prepared a large amount of food and, from the redness of her creased puffy cheeks, we can see that she is also upset. To comfort her (or perhaps even to rebuke her), the elderly woman indicates the scene in the background reminding her that she cannot expect to gain fulfillment from work alone. The maid, who cannot bring herself to look directly at the biblical scene and instead looks out of the painting towards us, meditates on the implications of the story, which for a theologically alert contemporary audience included the traditional superiority of the vita contemplativa (spiritual life) over the vita activa (temporal life), not that the latter was inessential.
This is the most likely interpretation of the painting. However, scholars have given other readings of it. Some have argued over the identities of the characters, suggesting that the maid in the foreground is actually Martha herself and the lady standing in the background is just an incidental character.
Another point of contention is the representation of the background. On the one hand, we may be looking at a mirror or through a hatch at the biblical scene. If so, it would imply that the whole painting, foreground and background, is set in Christ's time and would perhaps lend weight to the argument that the maid in the foreground is Martha. On the other hand, the biblical scene may just be a painting which is hung in the maid's kitchen.[4] Given that the bodegones usually represent images of contemporary Spain, many have thought that this is the most likely explanation. However, the National Gallery say that following cleaning and restoration in 1964, it is now clear that the smaller scene is framed by a hatch or aperture through the wall.[5] The suggestion of other possibilities, especially that of the scene as a painting, may remain as an element in the meaning of the work.
Whatever the truth, we can appreciate this as an early example of Velázquez's interest in layered composition, a form also known as "paintings within the painting". He continually exploited this form throughout his career. Other examples of this are
There is a second version of the painting, with significant differences, in an American collection. [citation needed]
Flemish models
The composition shows the influence of Flemish art from the previous century when
Provenance
This may be the work listed as by Velázquez in an inventory of 1637 of the house of
See also
Notes
- ^ The painting is dated, but the "8" is "fragmentary" and uncertain. Bray, 122
- ^ a b Bible quotes are from NIV translation
- ^ Bray, 122
- ^ Still other scholars have suggested that the background image we see is the dream or vision of the maid. This is because it is elevated.
- ISBN 0-947645-46-2; Bray, 122, & 124 note 3
- ^ MacLaren, 123
- ^ a b Bray, 122; MacLaren, 123
References
- Bray, Xavier, in Velázquez. Eds. Dawson W. Carr and Xavier Bray, cat no. 4, National Gallery London, 2006. ISBN 1-8570-9303-8
- Romano, Eileen (2006). Art Classics: Velázquez. Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-2812-3.
- MacLaren, Neil, revised Allan Braham, The Spanish School, National Gallery Catalogues, 1970, National Gallery, London, ISBN 0-947645-46-2;
- Wolf, Norbert (2006). Diego Velázquez. Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-6324-6.
- National Gallery, Painting of the Month: Christ among pots and pans, National Gallery, Retrieved on 2007-01-23 (dead by 2013).
External links
- Velázquez , exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Christ in the House of Martha and Mary (see index)
- National Gallery page