Clearwell
Clearwell | ||
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Shire county | ||
Region | ||
Country | England | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom | |
Police | Gloucestershire | |
Fire | Gloucestershire | |
Ambulance | South Western | |
UK Parliament | ||
Clearwell (anciently "Clower-Wall" etc.) is a village and former ancient manor in the Forest of Dean, West Gloucestershire, England. A recent[when?] survey indicated that the population of Clearwell is approximately 350.[1]
There are mines locally that date back over 7,000 years to the mining of
Clearwell Castle, a 'mock' castle of Gothic architecture built in 1728, is located in Clearwell.
History of the village
The village of Clearwell began as a group of hamlets which coalesced to form the village. It formed around three roads which run down shallow valleys to a central junction.[3] The hamlets on the three roads were Clearwell, Peak, and Platwell, with a fourth hamlet, Wainlete, to the north-west of Clearwell.[3] Clearwell and Platwell had dwellings by around 1300. In 1462 fourteen houses were mentioned at Clearwell and Wainlete, thirteen at Platwell, and sixteen at Peak.[3] Most of the houses that formed Clearwell village were replaced by stone cottages in the late 18th century and the 19th, although several older buildings survive, including the Wyndham Arms which is a substantial 17th-century house.[3]
In 1830 a chapel was built for Clearwell village at the east end, on the road leading to the Forest. It was replaced in 1866 by a new church built by the countess of Dunraven, owner of the Clearwell estate.[3] The countess also built a village school in 1859 and opened a cottage hospital in 1869.[3]
Industry
There were several iron ore mines at Clearwell Meend in the 19th century. These included Old Sling, New Dun, and Old Ham.[4] From the late 1960s Old Ham ore mine was developed, under the name Clearwell Caves, as a mining museum.[4]
Descent of the manor
Greyndour
The first manor house at Clearwell was probably built by Robert Greyndour (d.1443), and probably consisted of a great hall, chapel and 12 chambers.[5] Robert died without male issue and his daughter Elizabeth Greyndour (d.1452) became his heiress.[6] His widow and Elizabeth's mother Johanna Rigge (d.1485) (or Rugge), daughter of Thomas Rigge of Charlcombe, Somerset by Katherine de Bitton, daughter and heiress of Sir John de Bitton of Bitton, Glos., under customary usage, retained until her death 1/3 of his lands as her dower, and married secondly Sir John Barre. She founded a chantry in nearby Newland Church called the "Chantry of Robert Greyndour" and left many charitable bequests in her will. She was buried with her first husband in the chantry chapel she had founded in Newland Church. Elizabeth had earlier married Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr (d.1450/1),Leaving a daughter Mary West. She married secondly, as his first wife, John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester, KG, (d.1470), whom she predeceased giving birth to a son, who did not survive one day.[6]
Walwyn
The manor thereupon passed to the descendants of Robert Greyndour's sister Johanna, who had married as her first husband William Walwyn.
Baynham
Alice survived her first husband, by whom she had a son Sir Christopher Baynham (d.1557), and married secondly, as his fourth wife, Sir Walter Denys (d.1505) of Alveston, Glos., Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1481 and 1492, who apparently came to live at Clearwell as his will was dated at Newland.[8] Christopher's son was Sir George Baynham (d.1546), who married as his second wife Cecilia Gage, daughter of Sir John Gage. Sir George dated his will at Clearwell, 9 June 1546, and was buried at Newland.
Throckmorton
Clearwell was held by the Baynham family until the death of
Wyndham
In 1684 the manor was purchased by Francis Wyndham (d.1716) of Uffords Manor, Norfolk.
Collins, Gardner, Vereker, Yeates
In 1893 Clearwell was sold to Henry Collins, whose mortgagees sold it in 1907 to its then tenant Col. Alan Gardner. In 1908 the house was renamed Clearwell Castle. In 1911, it was sold to Charles Vereker (d.1947) (later Colonel), under whose ownership it suffered a major fire in 1929 but was restored. Following Col. Vereker's death in 1947, the property was purchased by Gloucestershire County Council which sold it on to a demolition contractor who removed the lead roof, floors and fittings.[12] The Castle was destined for demolition when in about 1952 it was bought by Frank Yeates, the son of a former gardener on the estate, who restored it. The Castle was again sold in the early 1980s and was turned into a hotel. From about 2000 it has returned to private ownership.[9]
References
- ^ "Clearwell" (PDF). Forest of Dean Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ Rix, Juliet (24 September 2006). "Clearwell Caves". Independent. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Newland Pages 195-231 A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 5, Bledisloe Hundred, St. Briavels Hundred, the Forest of Dean". British History Online. Victoria County History. Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ a b Victoria County History, 1996, pp. 326-354
- ^ "About". Clearwell Castle. Archived from the original on 21 August 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ a b Orme, Nicholas. "Joan Greyndour and her 15th century school at Newland". All Saints Church, Newland, Gloucestershire. Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ "GREYNDORE, Robert (d.1443), of Clearwell castle in Newland, Glos". The History of Parliament Trust. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
- ^ Will of Sir Walter Denys, National Archives, PROB 11/15: Ego Walterus Denys miles de Alston nuper de Newlands in foresta de dene... ("I Walter Denys, knight, of Alveston, lately of Newland, Forest of Dean")
- ^ a b English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest
- ^ Kingsley, Nicholas, The Country Houses of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, 1989, pp.78-9, Clearwell Castle
- ^ Rye, Walter, Cromer Past and Present, or An Attempt to describe the Parishes of Shipden and Cromer, and to narrate their History, London, 1889, pp.30-31
- ^ Kingsley 1992; Colvin and Harris 1970, quoted by Parks & Gardens
Sources
- , pedigree of Baynham
- 'Newland', Victoria County History, Gloucestershire, Vol. 5, (1996), Bledisloe Hundred, St. Briavels Hundred, The Forest of Dean, pp. 195–231
- Forest of Dean: Industry, Victoria County History, Gloucestershire, Vol. 5, (1996), Bledisloe Hundred, St. Briavels Hundred, The Forest of Dean, pp. 326–354