Cobra: Game of the Normandy Breakout

Cobra: Game of the Normandy Breakout, originally titled Cobra: Patton's 1944 Summer offensive in France, is a board wargame published by

Contents

Following D-Day, German forces prevented an Allied breakthrough, pinning them in a bridgehead which included the

Cobra is a game in that simulates the summer offensive.[1] Despite only referencing Operation Cobra in its title, the game covers the entire Normandy struggle, both the American "Operation Cobra", and the less successful British/Canadian "Operation Goodwood." It can be played with two players (Germans versus Allies), or as a three-player game, with the American and British/Canadian forces divided between two players.^[2]

Components

The original SPI pull-out edition contains:

• paper map, 22" x 32", scaled at 1 hex = 3.2 km (2 mi)
• 200 die cut double-sided cardboard counters
• 8-page rulebook

The flat-pack version (1977) added a plastic counter tray, clear plastic cover, a small six-sided die, and a cover graphic sheet.

The map is from the west coast of Normandy to the Dives River in the east, and from Bayeux in the north to Alençon in the south.^[3]

The TSR edition added the D-Day invasion of 6 June 1944 and the subsequent Battle of Cherbourg and Battle for Caen to the game, requiring another 200 counters, a 16-page rulebook, and an extra map detailing the D-Day invasion.

Gameplay

The rules are based on the system used in SPI's Panzergruppe Guderian wargame released the previous year, with one important difference: there are no "untried" units in the game — all combat strengths of every unit are known to both players. The game is broken into game turns that each represent 3 days of real time, with the German player going first, and then the Allied player.

German player:

1. German Weather Determination Phase
2. Replacement Phase
3. Initial Movement Phase
4. Combat Phase
5. Mechanized Movement Phase

Allied player:

1. Allied Weather Determination Phase
2. Supply Phase
3. Replacement Phase
4. Initial Movement Phase
5. Combat Phase
6. Mechanized Movement Phase

Due to Allied air superiority, German units can only move their full allowance during storms, 2/3 during overcast weather and 1/3 in clear weather (weather is randomly determined, with the die roll affected by the previous turn’s weather, allowing rough forecasts to be made). Units cannot leave a Zone of Control and enter another in the same phase, forcing the German player to keep reserves to plug gaps in his line. The Allies have a limited ability to carpet bomb hexes. As in Panzergruppe Guderian the combat value of a division is doubled if all its component units are stacked together ("divisional integrity"). Major rivers are serious obstacles to movement. The Allies have to choose whether to refrain from attacks to husband supply points for major offensives. In combat, column shifts (ie. adjustments in the odds) are awarded for terrain, headquarter counters and German Tiger tank battalions. The game begins with a long, slow American grind through the bocage (which reduces movement and restricts advance-after-combat to only one hex) until eventually they achieve a breakthrough.^[3]

Victory conditions

Both players receive victory points for completely destroying enemy units. In addition, the Allied player receives victory points for each mechanized unit that exits off of the western edge of the map (into Brittany) before Turn 7, and the German player receives points for both exiting units off the eastern edge of the map, and for maintaining supplied mechanized units that are east of Falaise and are either out of Allied zones of control or are disengagable. The game ends at the end of Turn 13 — the player with the most victory points is the winner.

An early rule loophole enabled the German panzer divisions to run for the east edge of the map at the start of the game. A rule amendment making the first turn weather always clear made this too risky a strategy.^[3]

Publication history

Cobra: Patton's 1944 Summer offensive in France was designed by Brad Hessel, with artwork and graphics by Redmond A. Simonsen, and was published by SPI as a pull-out game in Issue 65 of Strategy & Tactics. It was also released in a "flatpack" game box in 1977, and issued in a "bookcase" box in 1978.

After

In the 21st century, Decision Games acquired the rights to Cobra and published a revised 3rd edition in 2008 retitled Cobra: The Normandy Campaign as a pull-out game in Issue 251 of Strategy & Tactics. Whereas earlier editions had included German corps headquarters and a counter representing General Patton, the 2008 edition added Allied corps headquarters to the game. A Japanese-language version of the 3rd edition was published in Command Magazine Japan #106 in 2012. Decision released a boxed version of the 3rd edition in 2019.[4]

Reception

In The Playboy Winner's Guide to Board Games, game designer Jon Freeman noted that Cobra used the same game system as SPI's previous publication, Panzergruppe Guderian, but thought that Cobra was better balanced, allows a more active role for both players, and is "arguably better than [Panzergruppe Guderian].^[5]

In Issue 36 of