Comparison of display technology
This is a comparison of various properties of different display technologies.
General characteristics
Display technology | Screen shape | Largest known diagonal | Typical use | Usable in bright room | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in) | (cm) | ||||
Eidophor front projection | Flat | (limited only by brightness) | TV | No | |
CRT
|
Spherical curve or Flat | 42[1] | 107 | Computer monitor ,
|
Yes |
CRT
|
Cylindrical curve or Flat | 42[2] | 107 | Computer monitor
|
Yes |
CRT
|
Spherical curve or Flat | 30[3] | 76 | Yes | |
Direct view CRT
|
Spherical curve | 24 | 61 | Computer monitor,
Radar display |
No |
CRT self-contained rear-projection
|
Flat lenticular | 80[4] | 203 | TV | Yes |
CRT front projection | Flat | (limited only by brightness) | TV or presentation | No | |
Plasma display panel (PDP) | Flat | 152[5] | 386 | Partial | |
Direct view LCD
|
Flat | 110[10] | 274 | Computer monitor
|
Yes |
LCD self-contained rear-projection | Flat lenticular | 70[11] | 178 | TV | Yes |
LCD front-projection | Flat | (limited only by brightness) | TV or presentation | Yes | |
DLP self-contained rear-projection | Flat lenticular | 120[12] | 305 | TV | Yes |
DLP front-projection | Flat | (limited only by brightness) | TV or presentation | Yes | |
LCoS self-contained rear-projection | Flat | 110[13] | 279 | TV | Yes |
LCoS front-projection | Flat | (limited only by brightness) | TV or presentation | Yes | |
Laser self-contained rear projection
|
Flat lenticular | 75[14] | 191 | TV | Yes |
LED | Flat | 279.92[15] | 711 | Billboards, TV | Yes |
SED | Flat | 55[16] | 140 | Computer monitor, TV
|
Yes |
FED
|
Flat | ? | ? | Computer monitor, TV
|
Yes |
EPD (e-paper)
|
Flat (flexible) | ? | ? | Electronic paper | Yes |
OLED
|
Any, but most commonly flat rectangular with or without rounded edges, notch(es) and holes, circular, or curved (flexible)[17] | 88[18] | 223.52 | Computer monitor, TV, Mobile phone
|
Yes |
'LED' LCD
|
Flat rectangular, circular, semi circle | 98 | 249 | Computer monitor
|
Yes |
'QLED' LCD | Curved or Flat | 98 | 249 | Computer monitor
|
Yes |
Telescopic pixel display | |||||
Ferroelectric LCD | |||||
'mLED' LED
|
Curved or Flat | ?? | ?? | Mobile phone, Wearable Electronics, VR Display, Smartwatch, Optical Instruments, AR Display | Yes |
QDLED[19][20][21][22] | — | — | — | — | Yes |
IMOD | Flat | 1.2[23] | 3 | Mobile phone[24] | Yes |
Laser Phosphor Display (LPD)
|
Flat / Box | 196 | 497.8 | Presentation | Yes |
Virtual retinal display | Any shape | — | — | Experimental, possibly virtual reality |
Depends on system |
Major technologies are
Temporal characteristics
Different display technologies have vastly different temporal characteristics, leading to perceptual differences for motion, flicker, etc.
The figure shows a sketch of how different technologies present a single white/grey frame. Time and intensity is not to scale. Notice that some have a fixed intensity, while the illuminated period is variable. This is a kind of pulse-width modulation. Others can vary the actual intensity in response to the input signal.
- Single-chip DLPs use a kind of "chromatic multiplexing" in which each color is presented serially. The intensity is varied by modulating the "on" time of each pixel within the time-span of one color. Multi-chip DLPs are not represented in this sketch, but would have a curve identical to the plasma display.
- LCDs have a constant (backlit) image, where the intensity is varied by blocking the light shining through the panel.
- CRTs use an electron beam, scanning the display, flashing a lit image. If interlacing is used, a single full-resolution image results in two "flashes". The physical properties of the phosphor are responsible for the rise and decay curves.
- Plasma displays modulate the "on" time of each sub-pixel, similar to DLP.
- Movie theaters use a mechanical shutter to illuminate the same frame 2 or 3 times, increasing the flicker frequency to make it less perceptible to the human eye.
Research
Researchers announced a display that uses silicon metasurface pixels that do not require polarized light and require half the energy. It employs a transparent conductive oxide as a heater that can quickly change the pixels. The pixels are 100 times thinner than liquid crystal. Response times are under 1 millisecond. They claim that the metasurface array could replace the liquid crystal layer in today's displays, eliminating the need for production technology.[25]
See also
References
- ^ "DEAD MITSUBISHI 40-INCH TV. help!! - ecoustics.com".
- ^ "Aperture grille CRT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-02-23.
- ^ "Monochrome CRT". Archived from the original on 2009-10-09.
- ^ "Self-contained Rear Projection CRT". Archived from the original on 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2007-11-04.
- ^ "Panasonic Develops World's Largest 152-Inch Full HD 3D Plasma Display - Headquarters News - Panasonic Newsroom Global". Archived from the original on 2010-01-10. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
- ^ "Gas Plasma Screen - Compaq Portable 386". December 19, 2018.
- ^ "Compaq Portable 386 - Computer - Computing History". www.computinghistory.org.uk.
- ^ "Toshiba T3100/20 - Computer - Computing History". www.computinghistory.org.uk.
- ^ "T-5100-Computer Museum". museum.ipsj.or.jp.
- ^ "Samsung's 110-inch 4K TV to cost US$150,000".
- ^ "LCD Rear Projection". Archived from the original on 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ Casamassina, Matt (8 January 2007). "CES 2007: Optoma's $50k 120-inch Set".
- ^ "JVC Develops 110-inch".
- ^ "Mitsubishi Electric LaserVue® - Products". Archived from the original on 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
- ^ "Largest LED 3D TV".
- ^ "55-inch SED HDTVs on the way in '08".
- ^ LG Global (7 January 2015). "CES 2015 LG - Perfect Black, Perfect Color : Only in LG OLED TV". Archived from the original on 2015-01-08 – via YouTube.
- ^ "LG SIGNATURE Z9 88 inch Class 8K Smart OLED TV w/AI ThinQ® (87.6 Diag) (OLED88Z9PUA)". LG USA.
- ^ "Quantum Dots QDTV Displays from Nanoco Technologies". Archived from the original on 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ "Nevada Nanotechnology Center - Research".
- ^ Gache, Gabriel (10 December 2007). "LED's Outpower QDLED's".
- ^ "Ocean NanoTech research in QDLEDs". Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ "Wireless Technology & Innovation - Mobile Technology - Qualcomm" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-11.
- ^ "IMOD" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-03-09.
- ^ Ridden, Paul (2023-02-23). "Meta-display concept could retire LCD panels in big-screen TVs". New Atlas. Retrieved 2023-02-23.