Concertación

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Coalition of Parties for Democracy
Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia
Political positionMajority: Centre-left[1][2][3]

The Concertación, officially the Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia (Spanish pronunciation:

New Majority
coalition.

History

In 1987

Radical Party, gathered in the Democratic Alliance (Alianza Democrática). In 1988, several more parties, including the Humanist Party, the Ecologist Party
, the Social Democrats, and several Socialist Party splinter groups added their support, despite fears of election fraud by Pinochet, and the Concertación de Partidos por el NO ("Coalition of Parties for NO") was formed to campaign against the continuation of Pinochet's regime.

The parties and leaders that made the first Party Presidents' Council were:[4]

Party Office Leader Notes
Christian Democratic (PDC) President Patricio Aylwin Designated as Concertación spokesperson.
Genaro Arriagada Designated as Concertación executive secretary.
Socialist (PS) Secretary General Clodomiro Almeyda Leader of «PS-Almeyda» wing.
Secretary General Juan Gutiérrez Soto Leader of «PS-Histórico» wing.[a]
Secretary General Manuel Mandujano Leader of «PS-Mandujano» wing.[b]
Secretary General Ricardo Núñez Leader of the PS XXIV Congress.
Party for Democracy (PPD) President Ricardo Lagos
Popular Socialist Union (USOPO) President Ramón Silva
Radical (PR)[c]
 President Enrique Silva Cimma
Democratic Socialist Radical (PRSD) President Luis Fernando Luengo
Social Democracy (SDCH)[d] President Amador Navarro
National Democratic (PADENA) President Wolfgang Prieur
Popular Unitary Action Movement (MAPU) Secretary General Víctor Barrueto
MAPU Worker Peasant (MAPU-OC) Secretary General Fernando Ávila Illanes
Christian Left (IC) Coordinator Luis Maira
Humanist (PH) President José Tomás Sáenz
Liberal-Republican Union (ULR) President Hugo Zepeda Barrios
The Greens (PLV) President Andrés Koryzma [e]

During the election campaign, the Coalition organized a colorful and cheerful campaign under the slogan La alegría ya viene ("Joy is coming"). Some Socialist factions were the last to join, because they were reluctant to work in the plebiscite, fearing election fraud by Pinochet. On 5 October 1988, the "NO" vote won with a 54% majority, and a general election was called for 1989.[citation needed]

In that year, the coalition changed their name to Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia ("Concert of Parties for Democracy") and put forward

Alliance for Chile).[citation needed
]

In 1993, the coalition put forward the Christian Democrat senator Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle as a presidential candidate. Frei was the son of Eduardo Frei Montalva, the founder of the Christian Democrat Party and himself a former President of Chile (1964–1970). Gaining 57% of the votes, he defeated to the right-wing candidate, Arturo Alessandri Besa, becoming the third Christian Democrat president, and the second Coalition president.[citation needed]

In the same year, the Humanist Party, the Christian Left, and the Greens left the Coalition, accusing it of betraying the purpose for which it was born. The Social Democrat Party and the Radical Party joined together to form the

Social Democrat Radical Party, while the various former Socialist factions became part of the Socialist Party.[citation needed
]

Frei's government faced two main problems: an economic crisis was raising the unemployment rate, and General Pinochet had been arrested in London. Both situations led the Coalition to fear defeat in the 1999 presidential elections.[citation needed]

In

Primary elections were held to decide between the two. Lagos won the vote, and went on to defeat the UDI's Joaquín Lavín in the presidential election. However, since he got a plurality as opposed to a majority of the votes, a runoff vote was held, the first in Chilean history, in which Lagos won with 51% of the votes.[citation needed
]

In 2005, two candidates were again proposed: the Christian Democrats'

Santiago. Bachelet therefore became the Coalition's candidate, and the second woman to run for Chilean President (the first being Communist leader Gladys Marín), competing with the UDI's Joaquín Lavín and RN's Sebastián Piñera
.

On

11 December 2005
, Bachelet won with 45% of the votes, but was forced to compete with Piñera in a runoff election. In the same month, the coalition won 51.25% of the votes in the parliamentary elections, gaining 20 seats in the Senate and 65 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. This gave them a majority in both Houses for the first time.

On 15 January 2006, the runoff was held. Bachelet won with nearly the 54% of the votes, becoming the first female president of Chile. She was also the fourth Coalition candidate and third Socialist to win.

Coalition presidents

See also

Notes

  1. ^ It didn't sign the foundation document on 2 February 1988, but it became member of Concertación on 11 May.
  2. ^ It didn't sign the foundation document on 2 February 1988, but it became member of Concertación on 9 February.
  3. Social Democrat Radical Party
  4. Social Democrat Radical Party
  5. ^ It didn't sign the foundation document on 2 February 1988, but it became member of Concertación some weeks later.

References

  1. ^ Delgado, Julissa (2 February 2011), "Looking Back at the Defeat of Chile's Concertación: The Death of the Moderate Left or Its Gross Failure to Mount a Credible Presidential Candidate?", Council on Hemispheric Affairs
  2. ^ Huber, Evelyne; Stephens, John D. (2012), Democracy and the Left: Social Policy and Inequality in Latin America, Chicago University Press, p. 201
  3. ^ Teichman, Judith (2011), "Chile: Democracy in a Divided Polity", The Paradox of Democracy in Latin America, University of Toronto Press, p. 310
  4. ^ "1988: Concertación de Partidos por el NO". EMOL (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 October 2013.
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