Condeep
Condeep is a make of gravity-based structure for oil platforms invented and patented by engineer Olav Mo in 1972,[1] which were fabricated by Norwegian Contractors in Stavanger, Norway.[2][3][4] Condeep is an abbreviation for concrete deep water structure. A Condeep usually consists of a base of concrete oil storage tanks from which one, three or four concrete shafts rise.[5] The Condeep base always rests on the sea floor, and the shafts rise to about 30 meters above the sea level. The platform deck itself is not a part of the construction.
The Condeep is used for a series of production platforms introduced for
Following the success of the concrete oil storage tank on the
This gravity-based structure for a platform was unique in that it was built from reinforced concrete instead of steel, which was the norm up to that point. This platform type was designed for the heavy weather conditions and the great water depths often found in the North Sea.[2]
Condeep has the advantage that it allows for storage of oil at sea in its own construction. It further allows equipment installation in the hollow legs well protected from the sea. In contrast, one of the challenges with steel platforms is that they only allow for limited weight on the deck compared with a Condeep where the weight allowance for production equipment and living quarters is seldom a problem.
Troll A
The Troll A platform is the tallest Condeep to date.
Gullfaks C
Gullfaks C rests 217 metres (712 ft) below the sea surface and has a total height of 380 metres (1,250 ft).[9] Gullfaks C was the heaviest object that has ever been moved to another position, relative to the surface of the Earth with a total displacement between 1.4 and 1.5 million tons.[10]
Condeep platforms
| Structure | Depth | Operator | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beryl A Condeep | 120 m | Mobil | 1975 |
Brent B Condeep
|
140 m | Shell
|
1975 |
| Brent D Condeep | 140 m | Shell | 1976 |
| Frigg TCP2 Condeep | 104 m | Elf | 1977 |
| Statfjord A Condeep | 146 m | Mobil | 1977 |
| Statfjord B Condeep | 146 m | Mobil | 1981 |
| Statfjord C Condeep | 146 m | Mobil | 1984 |
| Gullfaks A Condeep | 135 m | Statoil
|
1986 |
| Gullfaks B Condeep | 142 m | Statoil | 1987 |
| Oseberg A Condeep | 109 m | Norsk Hydro | 1988 |
| Gullfaks C Condeep | 216 m | Statoil | 1989 |
| Draugen Condeep | 251 m | Shell | 1993 |
Sleipner A Condeep
|
82 m | Statoil | 1993* |
Troll Condeep
|
303 m | Norske Shell | 1995 |
- The original concrete structure of Sleipner A sank during trials in the Gandsfjordon August 23, 1991. A new structure was built, and deployed in 1993.
Sources
- Fagerberg, Jan; Mowery, David C.; Verspagen, Bart (2009). Innovation, Path Dependency, and Policy: The Norwegian Case. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-955155-2.
- Nawy, Edward G. (2008). Concrete construction engineering handbook. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-7492-0.
- Mehta, Povindar K. (1990). Concrete in the marine environment. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-85166-622-5.
- Gerwick, Ben C. (2007). Construction of marine and offshore structures. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-3052-0.
- Arentsen, Maarten J.; Künneke, Rolf W. (2003). National reforms in European gas. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 978-0-08-043687-6.
References
- ^ "Norwegian Industrial Property Office".
- ^ a b c Fagerberg; Mowery; Verspagen, p.192
- ^ Mehta, Povindar K. p.4
- ^ Gerwick, Ben C. p.166
- Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, retrieved 2011-08-30
- ^ Arentsen; Künneke p. 90
- ^ Fagerberg; Mowery; Verspagen, p.191
- ^ a b "Guinness World Records - tallest offshore gas platform". Guinness World Records. 1996.
- ^ Structures
- ^ "Heaviest man-made object moved".
- ^ Nawy, Edward G. Chapter 13.7
- ^ Gerwick, Ben C. p.515