Conjunto

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The term conjunto (Spanish pronunciation:

tejano,[1] Cuban conjuntos specialize in the son, as well as its derivations such as salsa
.

Mexican

Mexican conjunto music, also known as conjunto tejano, was born in south

German settlers introduced the button accordion. The bajo sexto has come to accompany the button accordion and is integral to the conjunto sound. Many conjuntos are concentrated in the Southwestern portion of the United States, primarily in Texas and California. In Mexico, the term conjunto is associated with norteño and tejano music. Since tejano was bred out of norteño music originally, this association is not entirely false. However, due to various cultural and socioeconomic developments in the 1900s, norteño musicians began trailblazing the tejano genre as a tangent to conjunto.[2]

In the United States and Mexico, a conjunto band is composed of four main instruments: the button accordion, the bajo sexto, an

drum set. They are popular in northern Mexico and southern Texas. German and East European settlers brought their accordions, waltzes and polkas to the region, which were adapted by the local population.[3] Texas accordion player Flaco Jiménez is probably the best-known conjunto musician in the United States, with a career spanning sixty years and earning him six Grammy awards. Chulas Fronteras is a documentary film from the 1970s which illustrates how the music meshed into the lives of families in south Texas and northern Mexico.[citation needed
]

Conjunto festivals in the United States

The Tejano-Conjunto Festival in San Antonio began in 1982 and is presented by the Guadalupe Cultural Arts Center, a San Antonio-based nonprofit organization. It is held each May in Rosedale Park in San Antonio.[4]

The Rancho Alegre Conjunto Music Festival in Austin began in 2012[5][6] and is presented by Austin-based Rancho Alegre, a nonprofit organization dedicated to preserving and promoting Conjunto music.[7]

The Narciso Martinez Conjunto Festival in the Rio Grande Valley began in 1993[8] and is presented every fall by the Narciso Martinez Cultural Arts Center, a San-Benito-based nonprofit organization.[9]

Other types of Mexican conjunto

Jarocho

A conjunto jarocho is a type of

sones jarochos
in 3
4, 6
8 and 4
4.

Huasteco

A conjunto huasteco is a type of

sones huastecos
in 3
4 and 6
8, and rancheras.

Arpa grande

A conjunto de arpa grande is a type of

Mexican folk ensemble. Often it consists of diatonic harp, Mexican vihuela
, guitar and two violins. Its repertory covers planeco music: sones planecos in 3
4 and 6
8, and rancheras.

Calentano

A conjunto calentano is a type of

musical forms such as Indias, malagueñas, peteneras, valses, polkas, pasos dobles, sones, chilenas, minuets, rancheras, and corridos
.

Cuban

Conjunto de Arsenio Rodríguez c. 1949.

Cuban conjunto music was developed in the 1940s by famous tres player

orchestras, the charangas, orquestas and danzoneras that were made popular by bandleaders such as Antonio Arcaño.[3]

Conjunto music was crucial in the early development of

chachachá and, most importantly, pachanga. Key charanga flautist, bandleader and entrepreneur Johnny Pacheco switched from the charanga configuration to the conjunto in 1964. However, the first New York-based conjunto was Eddie Palmieri's "La Perfecta", which had its debut in 1962. These conjuntos would be crucial in the early development of the most successful Latin American music genre to date, salsa. Notably, the introduction of Puerto Rican music styles such as bomba and plena within the conjunto and Cuban music in general resulted in what is known today as salsa.[3]

See also

  • Mexican music
  • Cuban music

References

  1. ^ Díaz-Santana Garza, Luis (2021). Between norteño and tejano conjunto. Lexington books.
  2. ISBN 978-1-59213-746-6
    .
  3. ^ a b c Torres, George. Encyclopedia of Latin American Popular Music. 2013.
  4. ^ "Tejano Conjunto Festival 2024". guadalupeculturalarts.org. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  5. ^ admin-ranchoalegre (26 February 2018). "Rancho Alegre Conjunto Festival History". Rancho Alegre. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  6. ^ Flores, Nancy. "Accordion-heavy conjunto music is focus of 3-day fest". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  7. ^ admin-ranchoalegre (1 September 2013). "About Us". Rancho Alegre. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  8. ^ "Conjunto Festival". nmcac. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  9. ^ "About The Narciso Martinez Cultural Arts Center". nmcac. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
  10. ^ Ordoqui García, Joaquín. "El Conjunto Kubavana: Primer Conjunto Sonero de Cuba". Herencia Latina.

Further reading
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