Crimea during the Russian Civil War
Russian Revolution
had a large number of governments culminating in being a stronghold of anti-Communist forces and the place on Russian soil where they made their last stand.
Following the
General Wrangel made their last stand against Nestor Makhno and the Red Army in 1920. When resistance was crushed, many of the anti-Bolshevik fighters and civilians escaped by ship to Istanbul
.
Approximately 50,000 White prisoners of war and civilians were summarily executed by shooting or hanging after the defeat of General Wrangel at the end of 1920.[1] This is considered one of the largest massacres in the Civil War.[2]
Crimean Revolutionary Committee
.
Crimea changed hands several times over the course of the conflict and several political entities were set up on the peninsula. These included:
| Country | Jurisdiction | Period | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Russian Revolution and Civil War (1917–1921) | Crimean People's Republic | December 1917 – January 1918 | Crimean Tatar government |
| Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic | 19 March – 30 April 1918 | Bolshevik government | |
| Ukrainian State | May–June 1918 | ||
| First Crimean Regional Government | 25 June – 25 November 1918 | German puppet state under Lipka Tatar General Maciej (Suleyman) Sulkiewicz
| |
| Second Crimean Regional Government | November 1918 – April 1919 | Anti-Bolshevik government under Crimean Karaite former Kadet member Solomon Krym | |
| Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic | 2 April – June 1919 | Bolshevik government | |
| South Russian Government | February 1920 – April 1920 | Government of White movement's General Anton Denikin | |
| Government of South Russia | April (officially, 16 August) – 16 November 1920 | Government of White movement's General Pyotr Wrangel | |
| Bolshevik Revolutionary committee government |
November 1920 – 18 October 1921 | Bolshevik government under Béla Kun (until 20 February 1921), then Mikhail Poliakov | |
Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic |
18 October 1921 – 30 June 1945 | Autonomous republic of the Russian SFSR
| |
| Soviet era (1921–1991) |
References
- ISBN 978-1-4000-4005-6.
- ISBN 0-674-07608-7. Chapter 4: The Red Terror
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