Danielle Casanova

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
See also: Danielle Casanova (disambiguation)

Danielle Casanova
Auschwitz, German-occupied Poland
Cause of deathTyphus
NationalityFrench
Occupation(s)Activist, journalist, dental surgeon
Known forFrench Resistance
Political partyCommunist
SpouseLaurent Casanova (m. 1933)
AwardsLegion of Honour

Danielle Casanova (born Vincentella Perini; 9 January 1909 – 9 May 1943) was a French

Auschwitz on 24 January 1943, where she began working as a dentist at the camp infirmary. She died of typhus shortly thereafter. She was posthumously awarded the Legion of Honour
.

Biography

Vincentella Périni was born on 9 January 1909 in Ajaccio, Corsica, to the schoolteacher parents Olivier and Marie Hyacinthe (née Versini). Nicknamed "Lella" as a child, she had three sisters and one brother. After finishing secondary school she moved to Paris in November 1927 to study dentistry.[1]

In Paris, she became interested in politics and joined the Union Fédérale des Étudiants (Federal Union of Students), where she met her future husband,

anti-fascist movement. She was elected Secretary-General of the UJFF. At its First Congress in December 1936, she organised a collection of milk for young malnourished Spanish victims of the Civil War and helped collect and ship relief supplies to Spanish republican forces.[3]

In October 1938, Danielle served as leader of the French delegation to the United States at the World Congress of Youth for Peace at Vassar College. When the French Communist Youth was banned in September 1939, Danielle Casanova went into hiding. She founded the newspaper Trait d'union (Hyphen).

fall of France, she helped establish women's committees in the Paris region, while still writing for the underground press, especially Pensée Libre (Free Thought). She also founded Voix des Femmes (Women's Voice). She organised demonstrations against the occupying forces, including the events of 8 November and 11 November 1940[5] caused by Professor Paul Langevin's arrest, and also the demonstration of 14 July 1941 that she organised.[3] On 2 August 1941 Casanova met Albert Ouzoulias in Montparnasse and placed him in charge of the Bataillons de la Jeunesse (Youth Battalions), fighting groups that were being created by the Jeunesses Communistes (Communist Youth).[6]

On 11 February 1942, Danielle was arrested by French Police while entering the hiding place of a Jewish couple, Georges Politzer and his wife Maï, at 170 bis, rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement. French Police of the Special Anticommunist Brigade (BS) had been following Danielle since 23 January after spotting her carrying a large suitcase to that same building (it contained coal for the Politzers).[7] They were all taken to the Special Brigade headquarters where they were interrogated until 23 March. Danielle managed to get a letter to her mother.[7]

At the end of March, she was moved to the German section of

la Sante jail. On 24 August 1942 she was moved to the transit camp Fort de Romainville and handed over to the German authorities.[3]

Transported to

concentration camp, Danielle did not stop campaigning and organising clandestine publications and events. She died of typhus on 9 May 1943.[10]

Je suis morte pour la France (I am dead for France).

— Danielle Casanova's last words, [8]

Legacy

According to the biography that

Piana where there is a memorial to her.[12]
A heroine of French Resistance, she has lent her name to streets, schools, and colleges throughout France; notably
Marseilles and Corsica is called MS Danielle Casanova. She has been featured on a commemorative French postage stamp in 1983.[12]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Known as “Le Convoi des 31000” (so named for the numbers tattooed on their arms by the Nazis, representing the transport they arrived on), 230 women ranging in age from 17 to 67 were taken to the infamous Auschwitz concentration camp on 24 January 1943. They were the only group of non-Jewish women sent to death camps during the Nazi occupation; women from the French Resistance who clandestinely fought Nazis and the Vichy regime.[9]

References

  1. ^ Gasper, p. 74.
  2. ^ Gasper, p. 75.
  3. ^ a b c Thiébaut 2012, p. 68.
  4. ^ Durand 1990, p. 91.
  5. ^ Article du 10 novembre 1980 du journal l'Humanité
  6. ^ Johnson, Douglas (6 December 1995). "Obituary: Albert Ouzoulias". The Independent (UK). Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Mémoire Vive – Marie, Mathilde, dite Maï, POLITZER, née Larcade – 31680". Mémoire Vive (in French). 6 December 2012.
  8. ^ a b Lefebvre-Filleau & de Vasselot 2020, p. 250.
  9. ISBN 978-0-307-36667-2
    .
  10. ^ Jégouzo, Yves (14 June 2014). "Madeleine, dite »Betty » JÉGOUZO, née Passot, alias Lucienne Langlois – 31668". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  11. ISBN 978-1-108-47890-8
    .
  12. ^ a b Gasper, p. 76.

Sources

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