Diphyllobothrium
Diphyllobothrium | |
---|---|
Proglottids of D. latum | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Platyhelminthes |
Class: | Cestoda |
Order: | Diphyllobothriidea |
Family: | Diphyllobothriidae |
Genus: | Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 |
Species | |
| |
Synonyms | |
Cordicephalus Wardle, McLeod & Stewart, 1947 |
Diphyllobothrium is a genus of
Other members of the genus Diphyllobothrium include D. dendriticum (the salmon tapeworm), which has a much larger range (the whole northern hemisphere), D. pacificum, D. cordatum, D. ursi, D. lanceolatum, D. dalliae, and D. yonagoensis, all of which infect humans only infrequently. In Japan, the most common species in human infection is D. nihonkaiense, which was only identified as a separate species from D. latum in 1986.[2] More recently, a molecular study found D. nihonkaiense and D. klebanovskii to be a single species.[3]
Morphology
The adult worm is composed of three fairly distinct morphological segments: the scolex (head), the neck, and the lower body. Each side of the scolex has a slit-like groove, which is a
In adults,
Life cycle
Adult tapeworms may infect humans,
Because humans do not generally eat undercooked minnows and similar small freshwater fish, these do not represent an important source of infection. Nevertheless, these small second intermediate hosts can be eaten by larger predator species, for example
Disease
Diphyllobothriasis is considered a parasitic, zoonotic infection. D. latum causes a wide spectrum of disease and severity. The tapeworm induces changes in the concentration of several immunomodulators in the host. It can also cause structural changes in the GI tract as it modulates neuroendocrine responses and enhances secretion and gut motility. Damage may also come from the body's immune response against the worm and its millions of eggs (around 1 million/day) mediated by mast cells, eosinophilic cell degranulations resulting to inflammatory cytokines.[8] Diphyllobothriosis is considered as the most important fish-borne zoonosis with up to 20 million individuals infected.[9]
D. latum causes
See also
- List of parasites (human)
References
- PMID 3387122.
- ^ Yamane, Y; Kamo, H; Bylund, G; Wikgren, BJ (1986). "Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense sp. nov (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidae)---revised identification of Japanese broad tapeworm". Shimane J Med Sci. 10: 29–48.
- PMID 18835460.
- ^ Ash, Lawrence; Orihel, Thomas (2007). Ash & Orihel's Atlas of Human Parasitology (5th ed.). American Society for Clinical Pathology Press.
- PMID 16405296.
- ^ "CDC - DPDx - Diphyllobothriasis". www.cdc.gov. 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ "Diphyllobothriasis". Retrieved 2024-02-20.
- ^ Durrani MI, Basit H, Blazar E. Diphyllobothrium Latum. 2020 Jun 30. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan–. PMID 31082015.
- ^ Scholz T, Garcia HH, Kuchta R, Wicht B. Update on the human broad tapeworm (genus diphyllobothrium), including clinical relevance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009 Jan;22(1):146-60, Table of Contents. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00033-08. PMID 19136438; PMCID: PMC2620636.
- ^ Nyberg W, Grasbeck R, Saarni M, von Bonsdorff. Serum vitamin B12 levels and incidence of tapeworm anemia in a population heavily infected with Diphyllobothrium latum. Am J Clin Nutr. 1961 Sep-Oct;9(5):606-12. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/9.5.606. PMID 13729951.
- ^ VON BONSDORFF B. Diphyllobothrium latum as a cause of pernicious anemia. Exp Parasitol. 1956 Mar;5(2):207-30. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(56)90015-7. PMID 13317942.
- ^ VON BONSDORFF B, GORDIN R. Treatment of pernicious anemia with intramuscular injections of tapeworm extracts. XIV. Diphyllobothrium latum and pernicious anemia. Acta Med Scand. 1953;144(4):263-7. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1953.tb15695.x. PMID 13039956.
- ^ Sharma K, Wijarnpreecha K, Merrell N. Diphyllobothrium latum Mimicking Subacute Appendicitis. Gastroenterology Res. 2018 Jun;11(3):235-237. doi: 10.14740/gr989w. Epub 2018 May 31. PMID 29915635; PMCID: PMC5997473.
- ^ Vuylsteke P, Bertrand C, Verhoef GE, Vandenberghe P. Case of megaloblastic anemia caused by intestinal taeniasis. Ann Hematol. 2004 Jul;83(7):487-8. doi: 10.1007/s00277-003-0839-2. Epub 2004 Jan 17. PMID 14730392.
Sources
- "DPDx - Diphyllobothriasis". CDC Division of Parasitic Diseases. 2019-02-04. Archived from the original on 2007-11-16.
- "UDiphyllobothrium spp". Bad Bug Book. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
- Janovy, John; Roberts, Larry S. (2005). Foundations of Parasitology (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education (ISE Editions). ISBN 978-0-07-111271-0.
- Bonsdorff, B von: Diphyllobothriasis in Man. Academic Press, London, 1977
- Keas, B. E: Microscopy - Diphyllobothrium latum. Michigan State University, East Lancing, 1999
External links
- "Parasites & Pestilence: ParaSite Webpages". Archived from the original on 2013-02-25.