Dispanin
| CD225 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | CD225 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF04505 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR007593 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
In
interferons
.
Function
Dispanins have a wide range of functions within the organism. It has a role to play in
cell signalling.[2]
In particular, IFITMs prevent HIV infection by preventing the virus from entering the
The process is crucial to the protein's antiviral properties and is of huge interest in research. Through studying Dispanin, it is hoped that its antiviral properties can be exploited, and then distributed in the form of medicines and vaccines.Additionally, a type of dispanin, IFITM5, is expressed in cells that make bone, named
osteoblasts. This is due to the important role dispanins play in strengthening the bone by bone mineralization.[1][2]
Structure
This protein family has two transmembrane helices.[1] The precise crystal structure remains to be elucidated.
Sequence Motifs
The sequences across a vast array of organisms, from
eukaryotes all contain the similar sequence motifs; in particular, double cysteine
motif in the first
transmembrane helix. This motif has recently been shown to undergo hydrophobicity, and increases its anti-viral properties.[1]
Evolutionary history
Dispanins in eukaryotes and bacteria have high sequence similarities and share several conserved sequence motifs indication a common evolutionary ancestor.[1]
Human genes
There are a number of human
genes which encode for Dispanin proteins, they are as listed below:[1]
- IFITM: IFITM5
- PRRT2
- AC023157
- AL160276
- AC068580
- DSPC2
- TMEM233
- TMEM90A
- TMEM90B
- TMEM91
- TUSC5