Douglas Steamship Company
The Douglas Steamship Company was a British merchant shipping and maritime trading company founded in 1883 in the Crown colony of Hong Kong by John Steward Lapraik and dissolved in 1987.[1][4]
History
After arriving in Hong Kong in 1858 to join his uncle, Douglas Lapraik's shipping empire at Douglas Lapraik & Company, John Steward Lapraik quickly became one of main figures in the business. With the death of Douglas Lapraik in 1869, John Steward Lapraik became one of the main beneficiaries of his uncle's estate together with Robert Ellis Baker, William Lane and Robert Manger.[2]
Due likely to reasons related to desired control over operations underway at Douglas Lapraik & Company and future expansion opportunities, in 1883, John Steward Lapraik founded the Douglas Steamship Company 28 July 1883 with two partners. The company, named for
By 1892, the Douglas Steamship Company successfully acquired the operations of
In 1893, John Steward Lapraik died of heart disease in Hong Kong at the age of 54 and a large portion of his estate was passed to his son, John Douglas Lapraik. T. E. Davies succeeded in taking control of the company following the death of Steward Lapraik with Davis being succeeded in turn in 1900 by JH Lewis who ran the company together with John Douglas Lapraik and Henry Percy White.[9]
By the early 1900s, the Douglas Steamship Company had become one of the largest shipping companies in Asia. In Hong Kong, the company moved its headquarters from the Praya, or Connaught Road following the Praya Reclamation Scheme, to Douglas Street, Central.[10] In Formosa, the company had managed to gain a monopoly on the popular Tamsui-Amoy route.[11][12] Indeed, the company's success was apparently seen as a threat to the island's Japanese government and in March of 1899, Governor Kodama Gentarō issued secret orders subsidising Japanese companies to compete with Douglas Steamship Company. The resulting price war forced the Douglas Steamship Company to cease all business operations at Taiwan by 1904.[13]
After the loss of the Formosa trade, the company retained its operations in the China and river trade, however it met with financial difficulties by the late 1920s. In 1932,
Stewart Taylor Williamson died suddenly on 5 September 1950, ceding control of the company to
By 1969, James Robertson Mullion became the controlling stakeholder of DSCo and he attempted to introduce several structural changes to the business, however, by 1972, the company was running large losses and Mullion was forced to inject $1.3 Million HKD of his own money into the company to keep it solvent. This move was eventually unsuccessful and by 21 July 1976, the company's board voted to enter liquidation and wind up the company. The dissolution was made formally on 15 April 1985 and DSCo was dissolved on 1 June 1987.[1][2]
Fleet
List of DSCo ships
Name | Homeport | Type | Owner/Operator | Year Built | Tonnage | Route | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS Douglas | Hong Kong | hybrid passenger and cargo schooner/steamer | Douglas Lapraik & Company Douglas Steamship Company |
1873 | 1,373 GRT | Foochow Line |
Ran aground and wrecked between Passage Island and the North Tit Rocks in the Haitan Strait on 14 November 1880 while en route to Fuzhou (Foochow) from Amoy.[16][17] |
SS Formosa | Hong Kong | steamer | Douglas Steamship Company | 1882 | 1,097 GRT | China trade |
Sold to Spanish company Urrtiua & Company and renamed as the SS Cantabria in 1903.[18] |
SS Hai Mun | Hong Kong | steamer | Douglas Steamship Company | 1896 | 1,248 GRT | China trade |
Sold in 1928.[19] |
SS Hai Hong |
Hong Kong | steamer | Douglas Steamship Company | 1898 | 2,027 GRT | China trade |
Built by SS Mactan.[20]
|
SS Earl of Douglas | Hong Kong | steamer | Douglas Steamship Company | 1906 | 3,536 GRT | China trade[21] |
|
SS Haiyang | Hong Kong | steamer | Douglas Steamship Company | 1908 | 2,300 GRT | China trade[22] |
See also
- China Navigation Company
- China trade
- Douglas Lapraik
- Hong Kong, Canton & Macao Steamboat Company
References
- ^ a b c d e f Webb, David Michael (2019). "DOUGLAS STEAMSHIP COMPANY LIMITED (THE)". webb-site.com. Webb-Site. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ The University of Hong Kong. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ Wright, Arnold (1908). Wikisource. . Twentieth Century Impressions of Hongkong, Shanghai, and other Treaty Ports of China. London Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company. p. 184 – via
- ^ Wright, Arnold; Cartwright, H. A. (1908). Twentieth Century Impressions of Hongkong, Shanghai, and other Treaty Ports of China: Their History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources. Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company Ltd. p. 215 – via Wikisource. .
- ^ The Chronicle & Directory for China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, The Philippines, &c. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Daily Press Office. 1898. p. 80.
- ISBN 978-0765641892.
- ^ Davidson, James Wheeler (1903). The Island of Formosa: Historical View from 1430 to 1900. History, People, Resources, and Gold, Coal, Sulphur, Economical Plants, and Other Productions. Taipei: Wên-hsing. p. 223.
- ^ Davidson, James Wheeler; 臺灣銀行, 經濟研究室 (1972). 臺灣之過去與現在, Volume 1 (in Chinese). Taipei: 該行. p. 160.
- ^ Wright, Arnold (1908). Wikisource. . Twentieth Century Impressions of Hongkong, Shanghai, and other Treaty Ports of China. London Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company. p. 174 – via
- ^ "The Douglas Lapraik Steamship Company". gwulo.com. Gwulo. January 1, 1908. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ "Douglas Lapraik & Co: a piece of Tamsui's architectural heritage 淡水 得忌利士洋行". taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. 27 November 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ "Douglas Lapraik & Co". tour.ntpc.gov.tw. New Taipei City Government. 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- .
- ^ "Inch Steamship Company Ltd., Hong Kong 1947-1966". theshipslist.com. TheShipsList. 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ "Douglas Steamship Company, Ltd., Hong Kong, 1883-1976". douglashistory.co.uk. The Douglas Archives. 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ "SS Douglas (+1880)". wrecksite.eu. WreckSite. 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
- ^ Bard, Solomon (1993). Traders of Hong Kong: some foreign merchant houses, 1841-1899. Urban Council. pp. 71–72, 125.
- ^ "Formosa SS (1882~1903) Cantabria SS (+1905)". wrecksite.eu. WreckSite. 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "Hai-Mun SS (1896~1928) Eika Maru [+1943]". wrecksite.eu. WreckSite. 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ Hoskin, John E. (2019). "NORTH LYALL". flotilla-australia.com. Flotilla Australia. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
- ^ United States Congressional Serial Set. Vol. 5133. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1907. p. 227.
- ^ The Steamship. Vol. 20. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1909. pp. 110, 153.