Drogo of Hauteville
Notre-Dame de Coutances in 1875, to replace an original destroyed in the Revolution
.Drogo of HautevilleCount of Apulia and Calabria (1046–51) in southern Italy. Initially he was only the leader of those Normans in the service of Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno, but after 1047 he was a territorial prince owing fealty directly to the Emperor.
Drogo was born in the
George Maniaches in Sicily (1038) and then in the campaign of Guaimar IV against the Byzantines in Apulia (1041).[2] In 1042, Drogo was one of the twelve Norman leaders who met at Melfi to elect his brother William their first count under Guaimar's suzerainty. In the ensuing twelve-part division of the conquered territory in northern Apulia, Drogo received Venosa. In 1044–45, Drogo fought on behalf of his brother in Apulia. In 1045, he seized Bovino from the Byzantines.[2]
After William's death in 1046, Drogo and
Rainulf II, whom he had imprisoned.[2]
On 3 February 1047, while the
Emperor Henry III was visiting southern Italy, he received Drogo's homage and invested him with all the territory which he already controlled. After this Drogo began using the title "Duke and Master of all Italy and Count of all the Normans of Apulia and Calabria".[3] Although legally, as a direct vassal of the emperor, he was on the same plane as Guaimar, according to the opinion of the historian Ferdinand Chalandon, he remained a feudal dependent of the prince of Salerno. When Drogo's younger half-brother, Robert Guiscard, arrived in Italy before 1050, he was ordered to leave the service of Guaimar's rival, Prince Pandulf IV of Capua, presumably on account of Drogo's obligations to the former.[2] Other newly arrived Normans also gave him trouble: Richard Drengot
attacked him and was captured. Only the intervention of Guaimar could secure Richard's release late in 1047 or early in 1048.
Abbey of the Santissima Trinità, Venosa
In 1051, Drogo met with
church of the Santissima Trinità in Venosa.[2]
Drogo was succeeded by his younger brother Humphrey after a brief interregnum. A certain Richard, who joined the First Crusade, has been identified as Drogo's son.
Notes
- ^ In French he is Dreux or Drogon de Hauteville and in Italian Drogone d'Altavilla.
- ^ a b c d e f Manselli 1960.
- ^ Manselli 1960: dux et magister totius Italiae comesque Normannorum totius Apuliae et Calabriae.
- ^ Also given as Montoglio, Monte Allegro or Monte Ilario, perhaps to be identified with Orsara di Puglia.
Sources
- Raoul Manselli. "Altavilla, Drogone d'". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 2, Alberto Ghisalberti (ed.) Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana, 1960.
- J. P. Whitney, edd. The Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1926.
- John Julius Norwich. The Normans in the South, 1016–1130. London: Longmans, 1967.
- Ferdinand Chalandon. Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie. Paris: 1907.
- Christopher Gravett and David Nicolle. The Normans: Warrior Knights and their Castles. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2006.
- George Beech. A Norman-Italian Adventurer in the East: Richard of Salerno. 1993.