Dryopteridaceae

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Dryopteridaceae
Dryopteris carthusiana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Polypodiineae
Family: Dryopteridaceae
Herter (nom. cons.)
Subfamilies
Synonyms
  • Bolbitidaceae Ching 1978
  • Elaphoglossaceae Pichi-Sermolli 1968
  • Filicaceae de Jussieu 1789 nom. ill.
  • Peranemataceae Ching 1940 non Buetschli 1884

The Dryopteridaceae are a family of leptosporangiate ferns in the order Polypodiales. They are known colloquially as the wood ferns. In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the family is placed in the suborder Polypodiineae.[1] Alternatively, it may be treated as the subfamily Dryopteridoideae of a very broadly defined family Polypodiaceae sensu lato.[2]

The family contains about 1700

eupolypods I about 100 million years ago.[5]

Description

The

Sporangia have three-rowed, short to long stalks; spores are reniform, monolete, perine or winged.[4]

Taxonomy

History

In 1990, Karl U. Kramer and coauthors defined the Dryopteridaceae broadly to include the present family, as well as the

cladistic analyses.[7] Some authors have already treated these genera as outside of the Dryopteridaceae.[8]

In 2007, a

DNA sequences showed that Pleocnemia should be transferred from the Tectariaceae to the Dryopteridaceae.[9] In 2010, in a paper on bolbitidoid ferns, Arthrobotrya was resurrected from Teratophyllum.[10] Later that year, Mickelia was described as a new genus.[11]

Some species have been removed from the genus

sensu stricto is placed. These species probably belong in the Dryopteridaceae, but have not yet been given a generic name.[7]

In 2012, a phylogenetic study of Dryopteris and its relatives included Acrophorus, Acrorumohra, Diacalpe, Dryopsis, Nothoperanema, and Peranema within that genus.[12] The Flora of China treatment of the family, published in 2013, used phylogenetic results to sink Lithostegia and Phanerophlebiopsis into Arachniodes.[13]

The Dryopteridaceae

eupolypods I.[14] The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I) retained the family.[1]

Phylogeny

The following cladogram for the suborder Polypodiineae (eupolypods I), based on the consensus cladogram in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I),[1] shows a likely phylogenetic relationship between Dryopteridaceae and the other families of the clade.

Polypodiineae (eupolypods I)

Didymochlaenaceae

Hypodematiaceae

Dryopteridaceae

Nephrolepidaceae

Lomariopsidaceae

Tectariaceae

Oleandraceae

Davalliaceae

Polypodiaceae

Subdivision

Phylogeny of Dryopteridaceae[15][16]

The PPG I classification divides the family into three subfamilies, listed below.[1]

Didymochlaenaceae, and Hypodematium and Leucostegia to Hypodematiaceae. Aenigmopteris has at times been suggested to belong to this family, on the grounds of its morphological similarity to Ctenitis, but molecular phylogeny has led to its submersion within Tectaria (Tectariaceae).[17] Dryopolystichum has been placed in Lomariopsidaceae.[18]

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 39980610
    .
  2. PMID 24532607
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-88192-819-8
  4. ^ a b c Smith et al., 2006 Archived February 26, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Alan R. Smith, Kathleen M. Pryer, Eric Schuettpelz, Petra Korall, Harald Schneider & Paul G. Wolf: "A classification for extant ferns," Taxon, 55(3): 705–731 (Aug 2006)
  5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811136106
  6. ISBN 978-0-387-51794-0
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-521-87411-3
  8. ISSN 1179-3163
    .
  9. doi:10.1086/521710
  10. doi:10.1086/652191
  11. ^ Robbin C. Moran, Paulo H. Labiak, and Michael Sundue. 2010. "Synopsis of Mickelia, a newly recognized genus of bolbitidoid ferns (Dryopteridaceae)". Brittonia 62(4):337-356.
  12. ^ Li-Bing Zhang, Liang Zhang, Shi-Yong Dong, and Atsushi Ebihara. 2012. "Molecular circumscription and major evolutionary lineages of the fern genus Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology 12(1):180
  13. ^ He H, Wu SG, Xiang JY, Barrington DS (2013) "Arachniodes". In: Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY (eds) Flora of China, vol 2–3.
  14. ^ Christenhusz & Chase 2014.
  15. PMID 36092417
    .
  16. ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.3.0. 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  17. S2CID 4573970
    .
  18. PMID 28781553
    .

Bibliography

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dryopteridaceae&oldid=1188114469"