Duke Ling of Qi

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Duke Ling of Qi
齊靈公
Ruler of
House of Jiang
FatherDuke Qing of Qi
MotherSheng Meng Zi

Duke Ling of Qi (

posthumous title. Duke Ling succeeded his father Duke Qing of Qi, who died in 582 BC after 17 years of reign.[1][2]

Attack from Jin

In 572 BC, Duke Dao of the State of Jin attacked Qi. Duke Ling made peace with Jin by sending his son Prince Guang (later Duke Zhuang II of Qi) to Jin as a hostage. Nine years later Prince Guang was made the crown prince of Qi.[1][2]

Annexing the State of Lai

In 567 BC, the fifteenth year of Duke Ling's reign, the

State of Lai attacked Qi but was decisively defeated. The Qi army counterattacked, killed the Lai ruler Duke Gong, and conquered the entire state.[2][3] Lai was a large Dongyi state to the east of Qi, and the state of Qi more than doubled the size of its territory after annexing Lai.[2]

Battle of Pingyin

In 555 BC, Duke Ling switched his alliance from Jin to its enemy

State of Chu. To punish Qi, Duke Ping of Jin invaded and inflicted a crushing defeat on Qi. The Jin army, led by general Zhonghang Yan, occupied large swathes of Qi territory, besieged the Qi capital Linzi, and burned down the outer portion of the city. This was the worst defeat that Qi had suffered during the Spring and Autumn period.[1][2][4]

Succession

Duke Ling's main wife was Yan Yi Ji, a princess of the

State of Song. Zhong Zi bore a son named Ya, while Rong Zi had no son but took Prince Ya under her wing. Duke Ling favoured Rong Zi, who asked him to make Prince Ya the new crown prince. Although Zhong Zi objected, Duke Ling still deposed Prince Guang and made Prince Ya his heir.[1][2]

In 554 BC, the 28th year of his reign, Duke Ling fell ill and died in the fifth month. The powerful minister Cui Zhu installed Guang, the original crown prince, on the throne, to be known as Duke Zhuang II of Qi. Cui Zhu and Duke Zhuang killed Rong Zi, Prince Ya, and rival minister Gao Hou, who supported Prince Ya.[1][2]

Duke Ling also had another son named Chujiu, born to another of Duke Ling's concubines, who was the daughter of Shusun Xuanbo, leader of the Shusun clan of Lu. Cui Zhu would later kill Duke Zhuang and install Chujiu on the throne, to be known as Duke Jing of Qi.[1][2]

Family

Wives:

  • Yan Yi Ji, of the Ji clan of Lu (顏懿姬 姬姓)

Concubines:

  • Zong Sheng Ji, of the Ji clan of Lu (鬷聲姬 姬姓), Yan Yi Ji's niece; the mother of Crown Prince Guang
  • Zhong Zi, of the Zi clan of Song (仲子 子姓), the mother of Crown Prince Ya
  • Rong Zi, of the Zi clan of Song (戎子 子姓; d. 554 BC), Zhong Ji's dowry younger sister
  • Mu Meng Ji, of the Shusun lineage of the Ji clan of Lu (穆孟姬 姬姓 叔孫氏), a daughter of Shusun Qiaoru (叔孫僑如); the mother of Prince Chujiu

Sons:

  • Crown Prince Guang (太子光; d. 548 BC), ruled as Duke Zhuang II of Qi from 553–548 BC
  • Crown Prince Ya (太子牙; d. 554 BC)
  • Prince Chujiu (公子杵臼; d. 490 BC), ruled as Duke Jing of Qi from 547–490 BC

Ancestry

Duke Xi of Qi (d. 698 BC)
Duke Huan of Qi (d. 643 BC)
Wey Ji of Wey
Duke Hui of Qi (d. 599 BC)
Shao Wey Ji of Wey
Duke Qing of Qi (d. 582 BC)
Xiao Tong Shu Zi
Duke Ling of Qi (d. 554 BC)
Sheng Meng Zi

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Sima Qian. 齐太公世家 [House of Duke Tai of Qi]. Records of the Grand Historian (in Chinese). Guoxue.com. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3
    .
  3. ^ Zuo Qiuming (translated by James Legge). "Book IX. Duke Xiang". Zuo Zhuan (in Chinese and English). University of Virginia. Retrieved 23 May 2012. Chapter VI.
  4. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3
    .
Duke Ling of Qi
House of Jiang
 Died: 554 BC
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Qi
581–554 BC 		Succeeded by
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