Education in Tibet

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Education in Tibet is the

People's Republic of China. Education of ethnic Tibetans is partly subsidized by the government. Primary and secondary education is compulsory, while preferential policies aimed at Tibetans seek to enroll more students in vocational or higher education
.

History

Lhasa (1922)
English school in Gyantse, classroom photo between 1923 and 1926

Some form of institutionalized education was in place in Tibet since 860 CE, when the first monasteries were established. However, only 13% of the population (less for girls) lived there, and many still were manual laborers educated only enough to chant their prayer books. Five public schools existed outside of the monasteries: Tse Laptra trained boys for ecclesiastical functions in the government, Tsikhang to prepare aristocrats with the proper etiquette for government service. Some villages have small private schools. Some choose to educate their children with private tutors at home. In the 20th century, the government in Tibet allowed foreign groups, mainly

Seventeen Point Agreement signed at that time pledged Chinese help to develop education in Tibet. Primary education has been expanded in recent decades.[citation needed
]

Overview

Frank Ludlow with Tibetan pupils between 1923 and 1926

According to state-owned newspaper

better source needed
]

According to the government-run China Association for Preservation and Development of Tibetan Culture, since the

better source needed
]

In 2017 there were 2,200 schools across Tibet providing different levels of education to roughly 663,000 students.[citation needed] By 2018, the gross student enrollment rate in Tibet was 99.5% in primary school, 99.51% in middle school, 82.25% in senior high school and 39.18% in colleges and universities.[citation needed] China education policy in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is significantly reducing the access of ethnic Tibetans to education in their mother tongue.[4]

Bilingual Education

In much of Tibet,

Standard Tibetan.[citation needed] In middle schools, classes are taught in both Tibetan and Mandarin Chinese. As of 2012, 96.88% of all primary school students and 90.63% of all middle school students had received bilingual education.[citation needed
]

The

better source needed
]

According to Professor

PRC does make efforts to accommodate Tibetan cultural expression" and "the cultural activity taking place all over the Tibetan plateau cannot be ignored."[9]

Vocational training and reeducation

In addition to vocational training programs for school aged students the Chinese government also operates a series of adult vocational training centers similar to the

better source needed] [11]

Higher education

English School in Gyantse between 1923 and 1926

According to the Chinese government the central government held the Second National Conference on Work in Tibet in 1984, and

region, despite making up 97% of the region's population. However, in 1984, the Chinese Ministry of Education affected policy changes including affirmative action and Tibetan language accommodations. In 2008, the number of ethnic Tibetans sitting the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) reached 14248, with 10211 being accepted into university, making the enrollment proportion of ethnic Tibetans 60%.[13]

See also

Further reading

Library resources about
Education in Tibet
  • Alice Travers (Jan 2016). "Between Private and Public Initiatives? Private Schools in pre-1951 Tibet". Himalaya. 35 (2).

References

  1. ISBN 978-1-85649-674-2
    .
  2. ^ "Tibet sees remarkable reduction of illiteracy rate - China - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2020-03-11. Retrieved 2020-08-12.
  3. ^ "PLA contributes to better primary education in Tibet". TibetCulture. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  4. ^ admin34 (2020-04-23). "Tibetan Language Diminished as Schools Switch to Mandarin". Language Magazine. Retrieved 2023-05-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "Education in Tibet | Free Tibet". Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2012-04-05.
  6. ^ Policy Research Group, Trouble over patriotic education in Tibet Archived 2012-05-03 at the Wayback Machine, 26 October 2010
  7. ^ "Tibetan Language: The Struggle for Survival". International Campaign for Tibet. Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  8. ^ Barry, Sautman (2003). ""Cultural Genocide" and Tibet" (PDF). Texas International Law Journal. 38 (2): 173–246. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
  9. ^ Elliot Sperling, "Exile and Dissent: The Historical and Cultural Context", in TIBET SINCE 1950: SILENCE, PRISON, OR EXILE 31–36 (Melissa Harris & Sydney Jones eds., 2000).
  10. ^ Zenz, Adrian. "Xinjiang's System of Militarized Vocational Training Comes to Tibet". jamestown.org. Jamestown. Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  11. Aeon
    . Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  12. ^ "Facts & Figures 2002: Education". China's Tibet. China Internet Information Cente. 2002. Archived from the original on 2010-10-29. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
  13. ^ Mei, Wu (2008). "The Development of Higher Education in Tibet: From UNESCO Perspective (Draft)" (PDF). UNESCO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-08-09. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
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