Eleutherius and Antia

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Martyr's palm

Eleutherius, also written as Eleutherus, Eleuterus and Eleftherios; sometimes called Liberalis or Liberator,

saints and martyrs in Greece and Albania.[2]

History

Born in

Bishop of Rome, who taught him in the divine scriptures.[3] Eleutherius is venerated as a bishop of Illyricum; according to tradition, Antia was his mother.[4] According to a source in Greek dating from before the 5th century, Antia was the widow of a consul named Eugenius. Her son Eleutherius was ordained a deacon and priest and then consecrated as bishop by a man named Anicetus. This tradition may have originated through confusion with Pope Eleutherius, who may have been a deacon of Pope Anicetus (c. 154–164).[5]

The tradition states that Eleutherius was appointed bishop of Messana and Illyricum at the age of twenty and apparently settled in Aulon. He was imprisoned by a comes named Felix; Eleutherius and Antia were taken to Rome to be judged by the Emperor Hadrian. According to this source, Eleutherius and Antia were both condemned to death on December 15.[4] According to tradition, Eleutherius was clubbed to death, while Antia was beheaded.[6]

A Latin translation of this Greek text, dating from around the 8th century, states that Anicetus, after consecrating Eleutherius, assigned him to the see of Apuliam Aecanam civitatem (Aeca). Eleutherius and Antia were then taken to Rome and killed on April 18. The source states that the citizens of Aeca retrieved the bodies of the two martyrs from Rome and returned to their city with them.[4]

other saints named Liberalis.[4]

Messina still claims Eleutherius and Antia as natives, stating that he was born in this Sicilian city on April 18, 121, and that later Eleutherius became a bishop of Illyricum.[7] They were tortured with hot boiling oil, resin, and heated irons, and then thrown to the lions; none had the desired effect and finally the two were executed.

Their bodies were then, according to tradition, buried in the Roman church of

San Giovanni della Pigna, near the Pantheon, with the relics of Genesius of Rome.[7] The association with San Giovanni della Pigna may also be a result of confusion with Pope Eleuterus, whose relics were also said to have been translated to San Giovanni della Pigna. Christians from Rieti then may have carried their relics to their city, which still claims them.[8]

Veneration

San Liberatore a Maiella.

Despite this confusion, Eleutherius' cult is ancient and widespread, and his name appears not only in ancient Greek calendars, but also in the

Mozarabic calendars.[4]

Rieti

The church of Sant'Eleuterio was built outside of the city walls of Rieti around the 5th century. According to tradition, the church claimed the relics of Eleutherius and Antia, carried from Rome by Bishop Primus of Rieti.[8] Around the 5th or 6th centuries, the Benedictine Stephen of Rieti founded a monastic community near the tomb of the two martyrs.[10]

Devotion to Eleutherius increased after a legend associated with the bishop Probus of Rieti: that before his death a vision appeared of the two saints, Eleutherius and Juvenal (Giovenale), to accompany the bishop into heaven.[10]

The church of Sant'Eleuterio acquired importance during the age of the

canon priests and an abbot-rector.[8]

Other places in Italy

Numerous churches rose in Italy in honor of this saint. There was a church dedicated to him at Rome, on the

Canne, where he described as a bishop of that town and a son of Evantia (a corruption of Antia).[4] There were other churches dedicated to him at Mugnano del Cardinale and Ariano Irpino.[1]

The monastery of San Liberatore a Maiella is dedicated to him.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b Borrelli, Antonio (September 14, 2002). "San Liberatore Vescovo e martire". Santie Beati. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  2. ^ Elsie, Robert (2000). "The Christian Saints of Albania". University of Mississippi.
  3. ^ "St. Thomas Orthodox Church". Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2010-09-03.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Santi Eleuterio ed Anzia Martiri". Santie Beati. October 12, 2002. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  5. ^ Knight, Kevin (2008). "Pope St. Eleutherius (Eleutheros)". Catholic Encyclopedia New Advent. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  6. ^ "Eleutherius and Antia". Catholic Online. 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Dicearco da Messina". Granmirci. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  8. ^ a b c "Santi Eleuterio e Anzia". Enrosadira. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  9. ^ "And very soon Rieti had its first martyrs, the priest Marone and Vittorio di Cotilia: later on Eleuterio and his mother Anzia". See www.dopropertysearch.co.uk Archived 2008-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ a b Tozzi, Ileana. "La memoria dei Santi martiri Eleuterio ed Anzia presso la cattedrale di Rieti" (PDF). Outdoor Rieti. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 22, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2008.

External links

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