Engaña Tunnel

Coordinates: 43°06′56″N 3°44′32″W / 43.11556°N 3.74222°W / 43.11556; -3.74222
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Engaña Tunnel
The northern mouth of the Engaña Tunnel, in the municipality of Vega de Pas (2015).
Overview
LocationCantabria and Burgos, Spain
Coordinates43°06′56″N 3°44′32″W / 43.11556°N 3.74222°W / 43.11556; -3.74222
StatusAbandoned
StartVega de Pas, Cantabria
43°06′56″N 3°44′32″W / 43.11556°N 3.74222°W / 43.11556; -3.74222 (Cantabria Portal)
EndMerindad de Valdeporres, Burgos
43°03′11″N 3°44′04″W / 43.05306°N 3.73444°W / 43.05306; -3.73444 (Burgos Portal)
Operation
Constructed1941–59[1]
Technical
Length6,976 m (22,887 ft)[1]
Highest elevation748 m (2,454 ft)[2]
Lowest elevation632 m (2,073 ft)[2]

The Engaña Tunnel (

Republican prisoners during the first years. At the time of its construction, it was the longest railway tunnel in Spain, with a length of 6,976 metres (22,887 ft), but was never completed as the rails were never laid.[3][4][5]

In 1961, the construction of the railway line was suspended as a result of restrictions on public investment in Spain, and the tunnel was never completed. It was later used by residents of the area and truck drivers as an alternate road, but became impassable by vehicles after the collapse of some parts of the structure in 1999 and 2005.[2][6]

The abandoned railway station of Yera is at the northern mouth of the Engaña Tunnel.

History

Background

The Engaña Tunnel is part of the Santander–Mediterranean

Miguel Primo de Rivera, with the railway between Calatayud and Sagunto already existing. By the end of 1930, construction had been completed on the section between Calatayud and Dosante. Although only 63 kilometres (39 mi) remained separating the railway from Santander, the hilly and rough terrain required the construction of several tunnels and viaducts. Several options were proposed and it was eventually decided to build a railway line with 32 tunnels between Santelices and Boo, including the Engaña Tunnel.[7]

Construction

In 1941, two years after the end of the

Republicans. They constructed the first 500 metres (1,600 ft), but in 1945, most of the prisoners left as they benefited from a pardon decree approved by Francisco Franco.[8] The construction of the tunnel was resumed in 1951 with another contractor, "Portolés y Cía" and the construction lasted until 26 April 1959, when the teams from the two entrances met. The tunnel was officially inaugurated on 9 May 1959, although the construction had not yet been completed.[6][9]

As least 16 workers had died during the construction from 1951 to 1959, and no figure is known for the construction during the first years. A large number of the workers eventually died from

silica dust.[6][10][11]

In 1961, the construction of the Santander–Mediterranean railway line was indefinitely halted with only 39 kilometres (24 mi) left to build. Although the construction of the Engaña Tunnel had been finished two years before, rails were never laid.

RENFE in 1961, and the other issued by the World Bank in 1962.[12]
Santander. In an article titled The Santander-Mediterranean Railway: a history of failure, Juanjo Olaizola and Francisco de los Cobos Arteaga dismissed this theory, while they also argued that the line was doomed "almost from its inception" because, among other reasons, the railway was not the "most logical and economical" solution to connect the Mediterranean Sea with the Bay of Biscay and there had been rapid development of road transport network. They deemed that the project could have only been undertaken by a "complex web of corruption".[14][15]

The tunnel has a length of 6,976 metres (22,887 ft), with a slight curve in the first 300 metres (980 ft) of the southern entrance, while the rest is completely straight.[6] In 1959, the contracted company stated that 100,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 cu ft) of concrete, 20,000 cubic metres (710,000 cu ft) of cement, 575,000 kilograms (1,268,000 lb) of explosives and 70 tonnes (77 short tons) of steel had been used. The construction consumed 20 million kilowatt hours, while 600,000 cubic metres (21,000,000 cu ft) of debris were extracted from the tunnel and the investment was estimated at 300 million pesetas.[16] The reported lack of proper steel reinforcement in the structure led to widespread deterioration of the infrastructure, which later caused the collapse of some sections. The quality of the material used decreased as the tunnel construction rate was increased from half a meter per day in the early 1950s to three meters per day during the last years.[1][11][17] By 1964, a report described the deterioration of the tunnel caused by the harsh climate of the region and the lack of maintenance, with suggestions to wall up the tunnels in order to prevent the formation of ice inside.[13]

Some sections of the tunnel remain flooded due to lack of maintenance.

Aftermath

In 1985, the

Ministry of Public Works and Transport commissioned a feasibility study to build a road, but technicians advised against it, considering that the tunnel was too long for a road, would have to be widened to accommodate two lanes, and would have an estimated cost of 40–50 million Euros.[6]

For years the tunnel was used by residents of the area, herders, recreational off-roaders and truck drivers who found the mountain passes snowbound during part of the winter.[6] The southern entrance was walled up and sections of the structure collapsed in 1999 and 2005, making it impassable for vehicles due to ceiling debris. Travel through the tunnel on foot is extremely dangerous, as there are ceiling-high piles of debris, some sections remaining flooded, and concerns about the risk of further landslides.[2][6] The six kilometers between the southern entrance and Santelices have been turned into a rail trail, as part of a proposed 106-kilometre (66 mi) greenway between the tunnel and Burgos.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Cobo, Teresa (9 November 2011). "Los grandes datos del túnel de La Engaña (1941-1961)" [The great facts of the Engaña Tunnel]. El Diario Montañes (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d Cobo, Teresa (9 January 2012). "Travesía bajo tierra por La Engaña" [Underground crossing of the Engaña]. El Diario Montañes (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  3. ^ a b Gil, Ángeles (5 November 1987). "El túnel ferroviario más largo de España, cerrado desde que se terminó, hace 27 años" [The longest railway tunnel in Spain, closed since it was completed 27 years ago]. El País (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  4. Diario Vasco
    (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Comienzan las obras de la vía verde del Ferrocarril Santander-Mediterráneo en La Bureba" [Work begins on the greenway rail trail of the Santander-Mediterranean in La Bureba]. desnivel.com (in Spanish). 5 July 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Cobo, Teresa (25 September 2011). "El agujero negro entre Cantabria y Burgos" [The black hole between Cantabria and Burgos]. El Diario Montañes (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  7. ^ "Línea ferroviaria Santander al Mediterráneo" [Railway line Santander to Mediterranean]. ADBAYSE (Advanced Business Actions & Services) (in Spanish). issuu.com. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  8. ^ Olaizola Elordi, Juanjo (5 February 2012). "Trabajo forzado y ferrocarril" [Forced labor and railway] (PDF). El Diario Montañes (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  9. ^ a b c Serrador, Montse (3 March 2003). "Un destino para La Engaña" [A fate for the Engaña]. Diario ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  10. ^ Cobo, Teresa (5 February 2012). "El túnel fue la víctima oficial número 17" [The tunnel was the official victim number 17]. El Diario Montañes (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 16 February 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  11. ^ a b Cobo, Teresa (13 November 2011). "Unidos por el túnel medio siglo después" [Linked by the tunnel half a century later]. El Diario Montañes (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  12. ^ Fuente, Felipe (6 October 1970). "No es aconsejable continuar las obras del ferrocarril Santander-Mediterráneo" [It is not advisable to continue the railway works Santander-Mediterranean]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  13. ^ a b Santos y Ganges, Luis. "Ferrocarril y Territorio: El caso de la sección 7º del Santander-Mediterráneo" [Rail and Territory: The case of section 7 of the Santander-Mediterranean] (PDF). Instituto Universitario de Urbanística de la Universidad de Valladolid (in Spanish). Fundación de Ferrocarriles Españoles. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  14. ^ a b Cobo, Teresa (10 February 2012). "La vana promesa de acabar el Santander-Mediterráneo" [The vain promise to finish the Santander-Mediterranean]. El Diario Montañes (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  15. ^ I.L.H. (24 December 2011). "El ferrocarril que perdió el Norte" [The railway that lost its bearing]. Diario de Burgos (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  16. ^ Medina Gomez, José (9 May 1959). "El túnel más largo de España" [The longest tunnel in Spain]. Diario ABC (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  17. ^ "El ferrocarril Santander-Mediterráneo" [The Santander-Mediterranean railway]. Fundación Cultural Eusebio Gómez García y Justina Berdía López (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 February 2012.

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