English invasion of Scotland (1300)

English invasion of Scotland of 1300
	Part of Wars of Scottish Independence
Date	May 1300
Location	Scotland
Result	Militarily inconclusive; English withdrawal;
Belligerents
Kingdom of Scotland	Kingdom of England
Commanders and leaders
John Comyn; William de Lamberton; Ingram de Umfraville (from May); (as Guardians of Scotland)	Edward I
Strength
	20,000

The English invasion of Scotland of 1300 was a military campaign undertaken by Edward I of England to continue gains from the 1298 invasion, in retaliation of the Scots recapture of Stirling Castle in 1299 and the revolt in Annandale, Nithsdale and Galloway against English rule.

A Scottish force was defeated at the Battle on the Cree in August 1300. Edward I hampered by food shortages, political infighting and funds was able to reinforce his garrisons and castles in Annandale, Nithsdale and Galloway, but was only able to reach Stirling, before returning to England.

Background

Stirling Castle,

Margaret of France, the half sister of Philip IV of France

, he had to wait until 1300 to launch another invasion of Scotland.

Invasion

Edward I called for his army to assemble at

John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, John Comyn, Earl of Buchan and Ingram de Umfraville

, was a victory for the English forces.

In August, the Pope sent a letter demanding that Edward I withdraw from Scotland. Edward I marched as far as Stirling Castle. Due to the lack of success, Edward arranged a truce with the Scots on 30 October 1300 [3] and returned to England, not being able to capture Stirling Castle.

Aftermath

The Scots had refused to engage in open battle, apart from a number of small skirmishes, preferring instead to raid the English countryside in smaller groups. The lack of funds and supplies, accompanied by demands by his Scottish supporters to grant them estates held by Robert de Brus, led to the campaign stuttering to a halt and the withdrawal of the English army from Scotland. Edward I began planning almost immediately for a larger campaign in 1301.

Citations and references

Citations

^ ^a ^b Barrow, p. 158
^ Chalmers, p. 264
^ Sir David Dalrymple, Annals of Scotland: From the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart in the Year MCCCLXXI (Archibald Constable & Co., 1819) p.421

References

Barrow, G.W.S: Robert Bruce. University of California Press. 1965
Chalmers, George: Caledonia: Or, An Account, Historical and Topographic, of North Britain; from the Most Ancient to the Present Times: with a Dictionary of Places, Chorographical and Philological, Volume 3. T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1824

[Barrow158-1] Barrow, p. 158

[2] Chalmers, p. 264

[3] Sir David Dalrymple, Annals of Scotland: From the Accession of Malcolm III in the Year MLVII to the Accession of the House of Stewart in the Year MCCCLXXI (Archibald Constable & Co., 1819) p.421