Eusporangiate fern
| Eusporangiate ferns | |
|---|---|
| |
| Botrychium lunaria | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Pteridophyta |
| (unranked): | Eusporangiate ferns
|
| Classes | |
| |
Eusporangiate ferns are vascular spore plants, whose
spores (up to 7000 spores per sporangium in Christensenia
).
There are four extant eusporangiate fern families, distributed among three classes. Each family is assigned to its own order.[1][2]
- Class Psilotopsida
- Order Psilotales, family Psilotaceae– Whisk ferns (2 genera, about 17 species)
- Order Ophioglossales, family Ophioglossaceae– Adder's-tongues (5 genera, about 80 species)
- Order
- Class Equisetopsida
- Order Equisetales, family Equisetaceae – Horsetails (1 genus, about 15 species)
- Class Marattiopsida
- Order Marattiales, family Marattiaceae– Marattoid ferns (6 genera, about 500 species)
- Order
The following diagram shows a likely
|
eusporangiate
ferns leptosporangiate ferns |
Cladistics
While it is generally accepted that the leptosporangiate ferns are
paraphyletic.[5]
In each of the three examples from recently published studies, shown in the following table, it can be seen that, together, the four eusporangiate fern families do not form a single clade.
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|
|
References
- JSTOR 25065646. Archived from the original(PDF) on February 26, 2008.
- .
- S2CID 7552933.[permanent dead link]
- ^ PMID 22022365. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-08-08. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- PMID 21652310.
- ^ Kathleen M. Pryer; Eric Schuettpelz (2009). "Ferns" (PDF). In S. Blair Hedges; Sudhir Kumar (eds.). The Timetree of Life. Oxford Biology.
- PMID 21616899.
- Hogan, C.Michael. 2010. Fern. Encyclopedia of Earth, National Council for Science and the Environment. topic ed. Saikat Basu
- Sporne, K. R. 1962. The morphology of pteridophytes, the structure of ferns and allied plants. pp. 127–135. Hutchison & Co. London.