Fauna of Belize

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The keel-billed toucan is native to Belize.

wildlife, due to its unique position between North and South America, and a wide range of climates and habitats for plant and animal life.[1] Belize's low human population, and approximately 8,867 square miles (22,970 km2) of undistributed land, provides an ideal home for more than 5000 species of plants, and vast numbers species of animals — with several hundred vertebrates including armadillos, snakes, and monkeys.[2][3]

Non-vertebrates

The vast majority of Belizean animals are from diverse lineages that are 'non-vertebrates', with many arthropods, molluscs, annelida, nematodes and often countless others often poorly studied.

Vertebrates

Mammals

Further information: List of mammals of Belize

Birds

Further information: List of birds of Belize

The avifauna of Belize include a total of 590 species, of which two are globally endangered and four have been introduced by humans.

Amphibians

Further information: List of amphibians of Belize

There are many species of salamanders, toads, and frogs found in the tropical forests of Belize such as the

marine toad. It can grow up to 20 cm (8 in), and weight as much as 1.2 kg (2.5 lb.). These toads are more commonly found in human settlements rather than in the wild, so they are easily seen by tourists. They have adapted to human settlements, so they will eat cat or dog food left out for house pets.[4]

There are more than 800 species of rain frogs that exist, and eight of them are found in Belize. They vary in size, from the Maya rain frog which is about 2.5-3.5 cm (1 in), to the Central American rain frog which can be 9 cm (3.5 in) long. Rain frogs are usually terrestrial, so they can be found on the forest floors, in or near pools, ponds, and streams. They are different from tree frogs in their color; usually having more earth tones with dark markings on their backs and legs. Out of more than 700 species of tree frogs, 12 of them can be found in Belize. Unlike rain frogs, they have more bright colors such as orange, blue, red and yellow to warn predators that they are poisonous. Tree frogs, like their name, are most commonly found in trees. Despite their skinny legs, they are very good jumpers and climbers.[4]

Reptiles

In Belize, there are 2 species of crocodilians that roam around the waters, the American crocodile and Morelet's crocodile. Although both of these species are not particularly aggressive, they are found as a danger to humans. The American crocodile can grow up to 6.4 m (21 ft), on average being about 4 m (13 ft). They are usually found in the swamps and lowlands of Belize. Morelet's crocodile, which is smaller, can grown up to 4 m (13 ft) but the average size is 2.5 m (8 ft). These crocodiles are mostly seen along the coast of Northern and Central Belize in freshwater.[5]

Belize has many species and types of turtles. There are three species of

snapping turtles which can tolerate any type of body of water, and on average are about 47 cm (18 in).[6]

Belize is home to many tropical snake species, including both venomous and nonvenomous snakes. The families found in Belize consist of

king snakes.[4]

Colubrid snakes differ from other Belize snakes in a few ways.

Colubrids typically do not have a definable jaw line, and often have heads that are not much thicker than the neck, if at all.[6] In addition, they have several rows of teeth on the roof of their mouth, as well as single row of teeth on the bottom jaw, but they do not have elongated, hollow fangs in the upper jaw as some of the venomous snakes often do.[4] The only species in the family Boidae that is found in Belize is the boa constrictor, which includes a separate locality form (potentially a separate subspecies) from Crawl Cay.[7] A dwarf form, Belizean boa constrictors can reach up to a maximum length of 7 ft (2.1 m) but typically only reach a length of 2.5–4 ft (0.76–1.22 m). Their patterns typically consists of brown or black squarish markings on a grey or brown background that become progressively rounder, larger, and darker towards the tail, and this pattern helps them to camouflage in their surroundings, often in leaf litter, bushes, and tree canopies, to remain hidden from both prey and predators.[4]

Boa constrictors and many of the colubrid species kill their prey primarily via

capillaries
. Boa constrictors are ambush hunters, while colubrids will vary between being either active hunters or ambush hunters.

The venomous snakes in Belize can be split into two families: the

Neotropical rattlesnake
(Crotalus durissus), with can reach a length of 1.5 m (5 ft).

Both pit vipers (which are venomous) and boa constrictors (which are not) are usually ambush hunters that will remain hidden, laying in wait in a single general area, potentially up for several days, before striking a prey item that crosses their path with immense speed. There are only 3 species of the family Elapidae that are found in Belize, all of which are classified as different species of

milk snakes as a form of Batesian mimicry. Coral snakes from Belize are typically small, rarely ever grow longer than 1 m (3 ft). However, their venom is known to be a very powerful neurotoxin
.

There are eight species of

geckos that inhabit Belize. They are very small, harmless lizards, that can climb walls due to their big toes and claws that allow them to cling easily. This is why they are often found in homes of people in Belize, hanging on the walls. They are usually a length of 5–10 cm (2–4 in), not including the tail. The size of the tail can vary dramatically because of the gecko's ability to detach it and grow another. There is one species of gecko that can only be found in Belize, which is the Belize leaf-toed gecko. The world's smallest reptile, the Caribbean dwarf gecko, which on average is 4 cm (1.5 in) long, has also made its home in Belize.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Know Belize - Flora & Fauna". CentralAmerica. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  2. ^ "BELIZE". Encyclopedia of the Nations. 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
  3. ISBN 976-640-119-5
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 0-12-084811-2
    .
  5. ^ "Fauna". Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  6. ^
    ISBN 0-12-662760-6
    .
  7. ^ "Crawl Cay Boa - www.gazboas.co.uk". Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
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