Ferenc Deák (politician)

Ferenc Deák
Minister of Justice of Hungary
In office 17 March 1848 – 2 October 1848
Preceded by	office established
Succeeded by	Sebő Vukovics
Personal details
Born	(1803-10-17)17 October 1803 Kerepesi Cemetery
Political party	Opposition Party (1847–1849) Address Party (1861) Deák Party (1865–1875) Liberal Party (1875–1876)
Parent(s)	Erzsébet Sibrik Ferenc Deák

Ferenc Deák de Kehida (archaically English: Francis Deak,^[1] Croatian: Franjo Deák; 17 October 1803 – 28 January 1876) was a Hungarian statesman and Minister of Justice. He was known as "The Wise Man of the Nation" and one of the greatest figures of Hungary's liberal movement.^[2][3]

He was an instrumental contributor to a number of major events in Hungarian history, including passing and support of the

While generally supporting reformist policies, he was well recognized for finding and negotiating reasonable middle ground compromises between various extremist political factions throughout his career.

Early life and law career

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Born in Söjtör in the county of Zala, in southwestern Hungary, Deák belonged to an ancient noble family. His father was Ferenc Deák de Kehida (1761–1808), jurist, landowner, chief magistrate of the district (főszolgabíró) of Kapornak. His mother was the noble lady Erzsébet Sibrik de Szarvaskend et Óvár (1768–1803). He studied law, and became successively an advocate and notary.

His reputation was quickly established, and he first went into politics in 1833 when he attended the assembly of Pressburg (now Bratislava) as a replacement for his older brother Antal Deák de Kehida (1789–1842), beginning his career that would make him one of the most important personalities in the Hungarian politics and reforms of the 1840s. His name became known as a result of his involvement in the suit of Miklós Wesselényi and his success in declaring the Hungarian Assembly's right to create laws.

Early activism

In 1836, Deák wrote and distributed a document about the causes that he supported without the permission of the censors; while it was confiscated, it was already widespread and made his name familiar in important circles. During the

and voluntarily chose to pay taxes to show that he was sincere about his reforms. The abolition of the exemption of the nobles from all taxation in the Kingdom of Hungary and the liberation of serfs were some of the most important endeavours of the Reformist movement of the era. However, he refused to attend the Diet of 1843–44, supposedly due to strife surrounding his election.

Political career

In 1846, after the bloody end of the

Once part of the revolutionary government, Deák continued to urge moderation and made several trips to the court in

Deák spent most of the 1850s in semi-retirement, tacitly supporting various national causes without engaging in active politics. He, however, refused to assume any public role, office or position, thus becoming an emblem of the so-called

of 1866 came just as they had completed their work, but Deák resisted extremist pressure to reopen the issue.

Gradually, Deák moderated his views on Hungary's independence. Although he maintained that the April Laws were fully valid, he began taking the line that foreign affairs, defence and finance were "common" to both Austria and Hungary under the

. After 1867 his health was weakened by continuous work and the attacks on him by disappointed radical patriots used up most of his strength. His reformist ideas were often rejected by Parliament.

Illustrated London News

He died on 28 January 1876 and was buried with great pomp. Parliament created a law to remember his excellent service and ordered that a statue be created from national donations. Today one of the central squares of Budapest,

come together.

Legacy

• Deák Ferenc Bilingual High School was named after him.
• metro station
  also named after him.
• He is portrayed on the 20,000 forint bank note (the highest denomination Hungarian currency note).
• Hungarian Post Office issued a postage stamp on 1 July 1932.^[7]
• He was often referred to as 'The wise man of the homeland'.
• Deak features prominently in the 1904 book THE RESURRECTION OF HUNGARY by the Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith, who argued that Deak's policy of non-recognition of the post-1848 Austrian administration in Hungary could be imitated by Irish nationalists to achieve self-rule within a British-Irish dual monarchy.

References

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•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Deák, Francis". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 895–896.

External links

• His picture on the biggest Hungarian denomination, the 20,000 forint banknote

Further reading

Wikisource has the text of the Nuttall Encyclopædia article Deák, Francis.

• Király, Béla K. Ferenc Deák. Twayne's world leaders series. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1975.
• Arnold-Forster, Florence Mary. Francis Deák : Hungarian Statesman : A Memoir. London: Macmillan, 1880. (online version available here)

Political offices
Preceded by position established	Minister of Justice 1848	Succeeded by Sebő Vukovics