Fernanda Jacobsen
Fernanda Jacobsen
Spanish Civil War
First Scottish Ambulance Unit
The
In 1936 the ambulances helped transport the wounded during the retreat from
Second and third convoys
In November 1936, Jacobsen had been able to persuade the
In January 1938, Jacobsen complained that three volunteers who had been sent to join the second convoy were more concerned with promoting
At that time, the critical problem in Madrid was a lack of food. The possibility of evacuating Madrid was being considered, but Jacobsen was not sure if that would be possible.[6] Conditions in Madrid continued to be very serious and in August 1938, after the other members of the third convoy had returned to Scotland in July, Jacobsen, who had remained behind, appealed for contributions in The Guardian, saying of the people there that "Weakened as they are by malnutrition, not to say starvation, without fuel, without the necessaries of life, the coming of winter is to many of them a sentence of death."[7] The appeal was successful and Jacobsen was able to open two porridge canteens in January 1939 to provide food to the starving of Madrid.[8] Jacobsen and her ambulance unit were visited by Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., whose father was then ambassador of the United States to the UK, in February.[9] She continued to run the two canteens throughout the war but after the victory of Francisco Franco in April 1939 one of these was taken by the Falangist relief organisation Auxilio Social, to her fury.[10][11] Her work continued beyond the end of the war, and she returned to Scotland in August 1939.[3][10][12]
Political views
Jacobsen was an active member of the
Personal description
Recognition
Jacobsen was made an
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1-909912-12-0.
- ^ a b "Records of the Scottish Ambulance Unit in Spain, humanitarian and aid unit, 1936-c1939, Scotland". University of Glasgow Archive Services. Retrieved 14 August 2018 – via Jisc.
- ^ a b c d Gray, Daniel. "Scotswomen and the Spanish Civil War". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-45569-5.
- ^ "The English and Scottish Ambulances in Spain". The Guardian. 23 July 1937. p. 6. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f "Scottish Ambulance Unit in Spain : memorandum of interview, with Fernanda Jacobsen". Modern Records Centre. Warwick University. 7 January 1938. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ a b "The Misery in Spain". The Guardian. 17 August 1938. p. 8. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Relief Work in Spain—A Message from Madrid". The Guardian. 27 December 1938. p. 16. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "Kennedy Jr., Visits Madrid". The Evening Sun (Hanover, Pennsylvania). 20 February 1939. p. 5. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-134-47107-2.
- ^ a b A Spaniard (29 December 1938). "Christmastide in Madrid—A Scottish Substitute for Santa Claus". The Guardian. p. 16. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ Jacobsen, Fernanda (25 August 1939). "Art Treasures of Spain—The Bombing of Liria". The Guardian. p. 20.
- ^ "Honours List". The Guardian. 11 May 1937. p. 15. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "The Spanish War—Miss Jacobsen's OBE". The Observer. 28 November 1937. p. 24. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "£250,000 physical education building—Scotland gets its first metric pool". The Guardian. 9 January 1961. p. 8. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
Further reading
- Burnside, Anna (1 March 2009). "The kilted Mary Poppins of Madrid". The Times.
- Egan, Rachael (18 May 2012). "The Scottish Ambulance Unit in Spain and the Spanish Civil War". University of Glasgow Library.
- Castro, Jesús (22 January 2010). "The Scottish Ambulance". Eye on Spain. Translated by Harrison, Rachael.
- Palfreeman, Linda (2013). Aristocrats, Adventures and Ambulances—British Medical Units in the Spanish Civil War. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-609-7.
External links
- Scottish Ambulance Unit documents at Warwick Digital Collections