Filmstrip
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The filmstrip is a form of
Technology
A filmstrip is a spool of
Early celluloid filmstrips were susceptible to combusting like all nitrate-based film. Furthermore, unlike conventional film stock, individual frames of this kind of film allow projecting for a relatively extended period of time without being damaged by the projector's light source.
Filmstrips (which often came with an instructor's guide) could be used for either self-paced learning or group presentations. They could be projected onto a wall or conventional screen, or displayed by personal viewing units that contained mirrors and lower-wattage lamps for up-close viewing by one or two people.
Filmstrips could be captioned with text, accompanied by a script, or accompanied by a record or tape recording containing narration and, often, musical segments or sound effects. Recordings would contain tones to signal the projectionist to advance the filmstrip to the next frame. Later technical improvements allowed higher-end projectors to advance the film automatically through the use of inaudible recorded tones. School children in the 1960s and 1970s found the displays a welcomed treat and now remember them fondly.
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Filmstrip
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A film strip projector.
Film production
By the later part of the 1960s, firms such as
There were filmstrips produced in many different subject areas including music, art,
Home entertainment
In the early 1950s production companies started producing filmstrips for home entertainment. There were a number of filmstrips from Disney and the Society for Visual Education Inc.(Chicago),[2] among other.
Eastern Europe production
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Film strips were popular in the USSR because movie projectors and VCRs were not in common use until the early 1990s. A great number of films were produced by the "Diafilm" studio. The majority of these films did not have supplementary audio, but were instead captioned. Many filmstrips were produced by "cinematographic studios" in former Soviet bloc countries such as Poland and Hungary during the 1950s and 1960s.
In Greece they were known and sold by the name "tainies Argo Film" (Argo Film movies) from the name of the company (Argo Film) that translated the scripts into Greek and organized the productions' distribution in Greece. The titles included children's stories, fairy tales, Greek history, Christianity, adventure, science fiction and war stories.
Automatic film advance
During the 1970s, projectors became available with built-in phonographs or cassette players that could automatically advance the film by means of a 50 Hz subaudible tone recorded on the accompanying record or cassette, which would signal the projector to advance the frame. Most cassettes accompanying filmstrips in the 1970s and 1980s would have the same audio material on both sides of the tape. One side would have audible tones for the fully manual projectors, and the other side would have the subaudible tones for automatic projectors, while some had both audible and subaudible tones combined.
In 1979–1980 the
Decline and obsolescence
The 1980s brought the advent of the
In the late 1990s to early 2000s, some audiovisual companies (such as Society for Visual Education Inc.,[2] Educational Audio Visual, and Metro Audio Visual) were still producing filmstrips for schools and libraries. When VHS, DVD, multimedia projectors and computers became popular in schools and libraries, however, filmstrips ceased to be used in schools, and many public libraries no longer had filmstrips in their catalogs. By the mid-2000s many schools no longer purchased filmstrips, and audiovisual companies stopped producing them.
See also
- Reversal film
- Show'N Tell
- Slide copier
- Slideshow
- ViewMaster
References
- ^ "Home". Bergwall on Demand: Online Database of Instructional Videos for the Vocations. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
- ^ a b Harvard University. "Society for Visual Education Inc". Harvard University. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.