First presidency of Rafael Caldera
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The first presidency of Rafael Caldera took place from 1969 to 1974. He was elected by only 33,000 votes. He was sworn in as president in March 1969—the first time in the country's 139-year history that an incumbent government peacefully surrendered power to the opposition.
The victory of
Democracy functioned, but did not fulfil everybody's expectations. Pérez Jiménez himself won election to a seat in the Senate, but when he returned in the belief that Venezuela would respect the election result, the adecos had already had their complaisant judges issue orders of arrest on one pretext or another[
Presidency
Candidates | Votes | % |
---|---|---|
Rafael Caldera | 1,083,712 | 29.13% |
Gonzalo Barrios | 1,050,806 | 28.24% |
Miguel Angel Burelli | 826,758 | 22.22% |
Luis Pietro Figueroa | 719,461 | 19.34% |
Abstention: | 135.311 | 3.27% |
Total votes: | 3,999,617 |
Caldera's first government emphasized the end of the Betancourt doctrine, which denied Venezuelan diplomatic recognition to any regime, right or left, that came to power by military force. Caldera broke the isolation of Venezuela with the rest of
Caldera also reformed the 1961 Constitution to remove a ban on election to public office for people who had been sentenced to more than three years in prison, which had been specifically designed to politically disqualify General Marcos Pérez Jiménez by means of its retroactive application. Caldera closed the Industrial Technical School permanently and the Central University of Venezuela for two years due to student protests against his government. On December 9, 1970, Rafael Caldera created the Great Marshal of Ayacucho Institute of National Higher Defence Studies (IAEDEN) to further the development of a state security perspective and to contribute to the defense culture of the nation.
Caldera, who raised the tax on the rent to the oil companies to 60 percent, initiated the construction of El Tablazo petrochemical complex in
Pacification of Venezuela
In 1969, the new government inherited a country with active urban and rural
The government arrived with an attitude of ideological pluralism and dialogue across the political spectrum, entered into talks with the armed groups, legalized
As a result of this effort, by the end of Caldera's presidency, for the first time in many years, no significant political organization in Venezuela planned to take control of the government by violent means. At the 1973 elections, leaders of the former guerrilla movements were elected as senators and deputies.[3]
Cabinet
1969-1974 [4] | ||
---|---|---|
Minister | Name | Períod |
Internal Relations | Lorenzo Fernández | 1969–1972 |
Nectario Andrade Labarca | 1972–1974 | |
Foreign Affairs | Arístides Calvani | 1969–1974 |
Finance | Pedro R. Tinoco | 1969–1972 |
Luis Enrique Oberto | 1972–1974 | |
Defense | Martín García Villasmil | 1969–1971 |
Jesús Carbonell Izquierdo | 1971–1972 | |
Gustavo Pardi Dávila | 1972–1974 | |
Development | Haydée Castillo | 1969–1971 |
Héctor Hernández Carabaño | 1971–1974 | |
Public Works | José Curiel | 1969–1974 |
Educación | Héctor Hernández Carabaño | 1969–1971 |
Enrique Pérez Olivares | 1971–1974 | |
Justice | Nectario Andrade Labarca | 1969–1970 |
Orlando Tovar Tamayo | 1970–1971 | |
Edilberto Escalante | 1971–1974 | |
Mining and Hydrocarbons | Hugo Pérez La Salvia | 1969–1974 |
Work | Alfredo Tarre Murzi | 1969–1970 |
Nectario Andrade Labarca | 1970–1972 | |
Alberto Martín Urdaneta | 1972–1974 | |
Communications | Ramón José Velásquez | 1969–1971 |
Enrique Bustamante Luciani | 1971–1974 | |
Agriculture | Jesús López Luque | 1969–1971 |
Daniel Scott Cuervo | 1971–1972 | |
Miguel Rodríguez Viso | 1972–1974 | |
Health and Social Care | Lisandro Latuff | 1969–1970 |
José de Jesús Mayz Lyón | 1970–1974 | |
Dispatch | Luis Alberto Machado | 1969–1974 |
Cordiplan | Luis Enrique Oberto | 1969–1972 |
Antonio Casas González | 1972–1974 |
See also
- History of Venezuela, 1958 - 1998
- Rafael Caldera
- Second Presidency of Rafael Caldera
- Presidents of Venezuela
References
- ^ "Falleció el exministro Luis Enrique Oberto González" [Former Minister Luis Enrique Oberto González passed away]. El Nacional (in Spanish). 2022-08-09. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
- ^ "First term as president". Archived from the original on 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
- ^ "Pacification of Venezuela". Archived from the original on 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2010-10-11.
- ^ Ediciones Centauro/87 (1987). Gehard Cartay Ramírez. «Caldera y Betancourt»