Forty-two Articles
The Forty-two Articles were the official doctrinal statement of the
Background
After Henry VIII's death and
Cranmer had begun to require new ministers and theological instructors to subscribe to specific doctrinal articles by 1549. In 1551, he presented a draft collection of doctrinal articles to bishops for consideration. The articles which, that year, Bishop John Hooper required clergy under him to subscribe to may have drawn from Cranmer's draft.[5] But the Forty-two Articles were more ambitious in that they were intended as a definitive statement of doctrine for the Church of England, akin to the Lutheran Augsburg Confession.[6]
In 1551, the privy council instructed Cranmer to write Articles of Religion. The following year, his draft was sent to some bishops for comment,[6] then to the king's six chaplains, and finally the privy council.[7] At each point, its progress towards ratification was slowed by those less convinced of Reformation doctrines, but its text appears to have remained largely as Cranmer wrote it with the help of two laymen revisers, William Cecil and John Cheke. Although it was issued under the title “Articles agreed on by the bishops and other learned men in the synod at London, in the year of our Lord God 1552”, and some bishops did gather to discuss it, it does not appear that a synod actually was convened.[8] Nevertheless, the privy council received it from Cranmer on 24 November 1552 and issued a mandate in the king's name on 19 June 1553 that all clergy subscribe to it.[9][8] There was some resistance to subscription, led by Hugh Weston, Rector of Lincoln College.[10]
Content
The title of each article is listed below. Articles that were deleted from the Thirty-nine Articles are noted in parentheses.[11]
Forty-two Articles |
---|
|
Some of the articles were written in response to Roman Catholic teachings. Article 11 teaches
The articles also opposed arguments advanced by some
The Forty-two Articles attempted, in part through some ambiguity, to smooth out differences on
Rejecting the
Impact
The Forty-two Articles were part of a larger project of moving the Church of England in a more Protestant direction. This effort included the
After the 1558 accession of the Protestant
References
Citations
- ^ Ayris 1993, pp. 35–36, 147 & 154.
- ^ a b Hall 1993a, pp. 35–36.
- ^ a b c Hardwick 1851, pp. 74–79.
- ^ MacCulloch 1996, p. 503.
- ^ MacCulloch 1996, pp. 503–504.
- ^ a b MacCulloch 1996, p. 536.
- ^ Hall 1993b, pp. 246–247.
- ^ a b Loades 1993, p. 169.
- ^ Hardwick 1851, pp. 74–79 & 106–112.
- ^ MacCulloch 1996, pp. 537–538.
- ^ Davie 2013, pp. 28–29.
- ^ Davie 2013, pp. 31–32.
- ^ Ayris 1993, p. 147.
- ^ Hardwick 1851, p. 104.
- ^ MacCulloch 1996, p. 382 & 621–622.
- ^ Davie 2013, p. 22.
- ^ a b MacCulloch 1996, p. 621.
- ^ "Thirty-nine Articles". Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2023.
- ^ Melton 2005, p. 48.
Sources
- Ayris, Paul (1993). "God's Vicegerent and Christ's Vicar: the Relationship between the Crown and the Archbishopric of Canterbury, 1533-53". In Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David (eds.). Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9.
- Davie, Martin (2013). Our Inheritance of Faith: A Commentary on the Thirty Nine Articles. Gilead Books Publishing. ISBN 978-0956856074.
- Hall, Basil (1993a). "Cranmer's Relations with Erasmianism and Lutheranism". In Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David (eds.). Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9.
- Hall, Basil (1993b). "Cranmer, the Eucharist and the Foreign Divines in the Reign of Edward VI". In Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David (eds.). Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9.
- Hardwick, Charles (1851). A History of the Articles of Religion. Cambridge: John Deighton.
- Loades, David (1993). "Thomas Cranmer and John Dudley: an uneasy alliance, 1549-53". In Ayris, Paul; Selwyn, David (eds.). Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar. The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-549-9.
- MacCulloch, Diarmaid (1996). Thomas Cranmer: A Life. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06688-0.
- Melton, J. Gordon (1 January 2005). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9780816069835.
External links
- "Forty-two Articles". Early English Books Online. Text Creation Partnership. (Full text of the Forty-two Articles)