Francis Aglen
Sir Francis Aglen KBE | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 3rd Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service | |
| In office 25 October 1911[1] – 31 January 1927 | |
| Preceded by | Sir Robert Bredon (OIG) |
| Succeeded by | A. H. F. Edwardes (OIG) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 17 October 1869 United Kingdom |
| Spouse(s) | Marion Agnes Balfour (1886–1925) Anna Moore Ritchie (1883–1971) |
| Occupation | Civil servant |
Sir Francis Arthur Aglen KBE (安格聯; 17 October 1869 – 26 May 1932) was a servant of the Chinese Imperial Customs, later to be the Chinese Maritime Customs, rising through the service to become Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service from 1911 to 1927 after the death of Sir Robert Hart.
Early years and career
Francis Arthur Aglen was born in
Qing government with the Third Class, First Grade, of the Imperial Order of the Double Dragon.[4]
Inspector-General of Customs
When Sir Robert Hart fell ill in 1908 and returned to Britain, the Chinese government insisted he retain his title of Inspector-General but appointed customs commissioner
Xinhai Revolution had deposed the Qing dynasty, Aglen found himself heading a Chinese government department for a Republican administration whose influence often did not extend beyond Beijing. Owing to the chaotic situation in China and the threat that instability posed to the security of customs revenues, Aglen sought and was authorised with the power to collect all receipts and supervised the collection of all revenues by an international commission of Bankers in Shanghai.[5]
For his actions to continue the effective operation of the service and the maintenance of China's credit he was honoured by the President of the new '
First World War Aglen banned customs employee from joining military service, as they represented a neutral state, his actions to maintain the position and reputation of the Customs Service gained further recognition and in January 1918 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE), which had only recently been established.[8] In April 1919 Aglen was awarded by the Norwegian Government the Commander the Order of St. Olav. In May 1920 he was upgraded to the Second Class, with Grand Cordon and Jewels, of the Order of the Precious Brilliant Golden Grain, which was upgraded to the First Class in May 1923 by President Li Yuanhong.[9][10] In January 1921 the Italian Government made him a Commander of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
.
Despite his success while in office, tensions between Aglen and the internationally recognised Beiyang Government increased as the power of the
Guangdong Province. Realising the increasing importance of maintaining good relations with the growing nationalist movement, Aglen arranged to meet Chiang Kai-shek's foreign minister Eugene Chen in January 1927 around the same period that Britain hand handed over their Hankou concession to the KMT. As a consequence the Beiyang government in Beijing took the opportunity to dismiss Aglen as Inspector-General, an act that provoked immediate protest from the British government.[11] On his dismissal Aglen was awarded by the British government with the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG), and subsequently with the Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold II from Belgium and the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun by Japan.[12][13][14]
Family and later years
In 1906 Aglen married Isobel Marion Agnes "Senga" Bayley Balfour (born. 1886), the daughter of Professor
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, and had three sons and two daughters, all born during his service in Beijing: Edward Francis (1907–1993), Anthony John (1911–1984), Marion Agnes (1912–2000), Elizabeth Senga (1915–1997) and George Balfour (1924–2004). The first Lady Aglen fell ill in early 1925 and Aglen took leave in order to accompany her with their newborn son George back to Britain in the hope that the climate would improve her health, leaving Hong Kong on board the Blue Funnel steamer SS Antenor on 7 April; however on 17 April, between Colombo and Singapore, she died at sea.[15]
On 2 July 1927 Aglen married to Anna Moore Ritchie (1883–1971) a widow. Living in retirement in
Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1957 and a Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1963.[17]
References
- ^ Had been 'Officiating' in that role since 17 June 1910.
- ^ Van de Ven, Hans (2014). Breaking with the Past: The Maritime Customs Service and the Global Origins of Modernity in China. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 161.
- ^ HF Oxbury, 'Aglen, Sir Francis Arthur (1869-1932)', Rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
- ^ "No. 27689". The London Gazette. 24 June 1904. p. 4034.
- ^ Little, Lester Knox (1975). "Introduction". In Fairbank, John King; Bruner, Katherine Frost; Matheson, Elizabeth MacLeod (eds.). The I. G. in Peking: Letters of Robert Hart, Chinese Maritime Customs, 1868-1907. Harvard: Harvard University Press. pp. 30–31.
- ^ "No. 28819". The London Gazette. 7 April 1914. p. 3000.
- ^ "No. 29543". The London Gazette. 11 April 1916. p. 3798.
- ^ "No. 30460". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 January 1918. p. 366.
- ^ "No. 31891". The London Gazette. 7 May 1920. p. 5242.
- ^ "No. 13922". The Edinburgh Gazette. 29 May 1923. p. 765.
- ^ 'SIR FRANCIS AGLEN’S DISMISSAL.', The Straits Times, 3 February 1927.
- ^ "No. 33249". The London Gazette. 18 February 1927. p. 1110.
- ^ "No. 14447". The Edinburgh Gazette. 29 May 1928. p. 624.
- ^ "No. 33292". The London Gazette. 8 July 1927. p. 4407.
- ^ "SOCIAL AND PERSONAL". The Straits Times. 28 April 1925. p. 8. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- ^ "DEATH OF SIR FRANCIS AGLEN". The Straits Times. 27 May 1932. p. 11. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- ^ "Biographical Index of the former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783-2002" (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. 2006. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.