Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
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Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus | |
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Order of Saint Maurice: 1434) (Order of Saint Lazarus: 1119) | |
Royal house | House of Savoy |
Religious affiliation | Catholic |
Motto | FERT (Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tulit; By his bravery he conquered Rhodes) |
Eligibility | Military, civilian |
Awarded for | Distinguished merits |
Status | Currently constituted |
Grand Master | (Disputed) |
Chairman of the Council | Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice[1] |
Grades | Grand Cordon, Special Class Grand Cordon Grand Officer Commander Officer Knight/Dame |
Website | ordinidinasticicasasavoia.it |
Statistics | |
Total inductees | Circa 2,000 |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | Royal Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation |
Next (lower) | Royal Order of the Crown |
Ribbon bar |
The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (
The order was formerly awarded by the
After the abolition of the monarchy and the foundation of the
The order is estimated to include about 2,000 members around the world, with about 200 in the United States. The Order also has roster consultative status with the
History
The undisputed continuation of the
Order of St. Lazarus is in the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, which continues under the pretenders to the Italian Crown.— Michael Foster[4]
Both crosses from its two forerunners still exist in the insignia of their subsequent successor, today's Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, founded by amalgamation in 1572.
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The green-enameledMaltese Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus, founded c. 1119
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The white-enameledOrder of Saint Maurice, founded in 1434
-
Combinedcross bottony,
of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Order of Saint Lazarus (1119)
The
Order of Saint Maurice (1434)
The Order of Saint Maurice was established in 1434 by
Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572)
In 1572, Pope
The new organization was charged to defend the Holy See and Italian shores, as well as continue to assist the sick. The war galleys of the order fought against the Ottoman Empire and the Barbary pirates with the United States Marine Corps. When leprosy again broke out, the order founded a hospital in Aosta in 1773.
Kingdom Italy (1861–1946)
With the
.The formerly related Maurician medal for Military Merit of fifty years, established in 1839, was one of the few medals not suppressed by the Italian Republic, becoming the Maurician medal of Merit for 50 years military career in 1954.[6]
Brought back in favour by King
Dynastic chivalric order bestowed in exile (1946-)
After Italy became a republic in 1946, the order was effectively replaced by the government's Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. Since 1951 it has not been officially recognized by the Italian Republic, but remains recognized by most other jurisdictions, particularly those with extant royal houses.
Organisation
The House of Savoy in exile continues to bestow the order on recipients eminent in the public service, science, art, letters, trade, and charitable works. While the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted in Italy, the crowns on the ribbons issued before 1946 must be substituted for as many five-pointed stars on military uniforms.[7]
Grades
According to the Statutes, the Order is divided into five classes for the Knights (male members):[8]
- Knight Grand Cordon, who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip and the badge as well as star are worn on the left side;
- Grand Officer, who wear a necklet plus the star on the left chest;
- Commander, who wear a necklet;
- Officer, who wear a medal in Gold on the left side of the chest;
- Knight, who wear a smaller Medal in Silver on the left side of the chest.
For female members the Order is divided into in three classes:
- Dame Grand Cordon, wearing a sash similar to that of their male counterparts
- Dame Commander, who wear on a necklet. During daydress: wear a bow-formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest. During evening wear: bow formed necklet worn on the left side of the chest)
- Dame, who wear a smaller necklet; During daydress and evening wear: bow formed medal worn on the left side of the chest
Special Class of the Order:
- Knight Grand Cordon, Special Class, For the Grand Master of the Order; who wear a sash on the right shoulder to the left hip, the badge as well as star which is worn on the left side of the stomach are in Brilliants
Insignia
- The badge of the order is in Maltese Cross, the Cross of the Order of Saint Lazarus, placed in saltirebetween the arms of the cross botonny. The badge of each class except that of Knight and Dame is topped by a gilt crown.
- The star of the Order is a silver-faceted star, with eight points for Grand Cross and four points for Grand Officer, and with the badge (minus the crown) superimposed upon it.
- The breast cross for the Commander "jus patronato" class is identical to the badge, minus the crown.
- The ribbon of the Order is apple green, with slight variations for the several classes:
Ribbon | Class (English) | Full title in Italian |
---|---|---|
1st Class / Knight Grand Cross | Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro | |
2nd Class / Commander First Class (from 1865 Grand Officer) | Commendatore di prima classe (dal 1865 Grande Ufficiale) dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro | |
3rd Class / Commander | Commendatore dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro | |
4th Class / Officer | Ufficiale dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro | |
5th Class / Knight | Cavaliere dell'Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro | |
Maurizian Medal (not members of the order) | Medaglia Mauriziana pel Merito Militare di dieci lustri |
List of grand masters
- Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (1572-1580)
- Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (1580-1630)
- Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (1630-1637)
- Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (1637-1638)
- Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638-1675)
- Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia(1675-1731)
- Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia(1732-1773)
- Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia(1773-1796)
- Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia(1796-1802)
- Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia(1802-1824)
- Charles Felix of Sardinia (1824-1831)
- Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-1849)
- Victor Emmanuel II of Italy(1849-1878)
- Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900)
- Victor Emmanuel III of Italy(1900-1946)
- Umberto II of Italy (1946-1983)
- Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples (1983-2024) (contested by Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta 2021-2024)
- Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice (2024-Present) (contested by Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta2024-)
The council
The council is responsible for running the order, the order focuses mainly on charitable acts.[9]
- Chairman: Vacant
- Vice Chairman: Antonio d’Amelio
- Grand Chancellor: Theo Niederhauser
- Grand Treasurer: Nicolas Gagnebin
- Grand Prior: Monsignor Paolo de Nicolò
- Grand Master of Ceremonies: Prof. Alberto Bochicchio
- H.S.H. Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz
- H.S.H. Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps
- Don Giancarlo Melzi d’Eril dei Duchi di Lodi
- Don Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero – Honorary Member
The Junta
The Junta is responsible for voting in new
- H.S.H. Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps – President
- Don Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini – Secretary
- Don Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada
- Gualtiero Ventura
- Federico Pizzi
Recipients in selection
Monarchs
- Franz Josef I, Emperor of Austria
- Wilhelm II, German Emperor
- Nicholas II, Emperor of Russia
- Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia
- Zog I, King of the Albanians
- George V, King of the United Kingdom
- Shah of Persia
- H.M.E.H. Servant of God Fra' Andrew Bertie, Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
- Maharaja Jagatjit Singh
- Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
- Mihailo Obrenović of Serbia
- Abbas I, Wāli of Egypt
Military
- John Pershing
- George Marshall
- Field Marshal Walther von Brauchitsch
- Field Marshal Francisco Solano López
- General Matthew Bunker Ridgway
- General François d'Astier de La Vigerie
- General Tasker H. Bliss
- General Mark W. Clark
- General Ira C. Eaker
- General Peyton C. March
- Admiral Ernesto Burzagli[10]
- Surgeon Rear-Admiral Arthur Skey
- Major General Ulysses S. Grant III
- Major General Mason Patrick[11]
- General Sebastiano Visconti Prasca
- Rear Admiral Richard Byrd
- Brigadier General Billy Mitchell
- Naval Captain Emilio Faà di Bruno
- Flight Commander Douglas Harries
- SS-Obergruppenführer Hans Lammers
- Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram
- Brigadier General Evan M. Johnson[12]
- Brigadier General Walter McCaw[13]
- Rear Admiral Charles R. Train[14]
Politics
- Diplomat Isaac Artom
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1921
- Enrico d’Arienzo, Prefect of Caltanisetta 1925
- Henri Jaspar
- Charles, 1st Count de Broqueville
- Charles Rogier
- Edmond, Baron de Sélys Longchamps
- President Porfirio Díaz
- Dr Hans Frank, 26.9.1936[15]
- Minister of foreign affairs Giustino Fortunato[16]
- Member of Parliament Cristiana Muscardini
- Diplomat Jose Maria Quijano Wallis[17]
- Luigi, Count Cibrario
- Victor Emmanuel III of Italy[18]
- President of the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition and Former St. Louis Mayor David R. Francis[19]
- Mayor Rudolph Giuliani of New York City (2001) Cavaliere di Gran Croce (Motu Proprio)[20]
- Aldo Oviglio, Minister of Justice (1922–1925)
- James Charles Risk of New York City, Cavaliere di Gran Croce,[21] originally inducted by the last reigning King of Italy, Umberto II of Italy
- Duce of Fascism
Culture
- Architect Carlo Rainaldi
- Architect Giovanni Battista Meduna and his brother, engineer Tommaso Meduna[22]
- Sculptor Christopher Ross
Priests
- Pietro Tacchi Venturi
- Agostino Cardinal Rivarola
- Blessed Tommaso Reggio
- Timothy Michael Cardinal Dolan
- Désiré-Félicien-François-Joseph Cardinal Mercier
- Blessed Andrea Carlo Cardinal Ferrari
Sciences
Philanthropy
Recipients (amongst others)
- Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice, Knight Grand Cross
- Clotilde Courau, Princess of Venice
- Princess Vittoria of Savoy, Princess of Carignano Marchioness of Ivrea
- Princess Luisa of Savoy
- Duchess of Savoy
- Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Parma
- Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy
- Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
- Prince Dimitri of Yugoslavia
- Prince Michael of Yugoslavia
- Prince Sergius of Yugoslavia
- Princess Helen of Yugoslavia
- Princess Diana Elizabeth D'Hauteville
- Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro
- Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro
- H.S.H. Mariano Hugo, Prince of Windisch-Graetz Knight Grand Cross
- H.S.H. Don Alessandro Jacopo Boncompagni Ludovisi Altemps Knight Grand Cross
- Don Paolo Thaon di Revel Vandini Knight Grand Cross
- Don Enrico Sanjust dei Baroni di Teulada Knight Grand Cross
- Prof. Alberto Bochicchio Knight Grand Cross
- Don Carlo Buffa dei Conti di Perrero Knight Grand Cross
- Don Giuseppe dei Conti Rizzani Knight Grand Cross
- Rudy Giuliani Knight Grand Cross
- Giovanni Cheli Knight Grand Cross
- Melzi d'Eril Knight Grand Cross
- Don Andrea dei Conti Boezio Bertinotti Alliata
- Andrea Rivoira Grand Cross
- Antonio d’Amelio Grand Cross
- Franca Sciaraffia Grand Cross
- Nicolas Gagnebin Grand Cross
- Theo Niederhauser Grand Cross
- Monsignor Paolo de Nicolò Grand Cross
- Alberto Di Maria Knight Grand Officer
- Luigi Acquaviva Grand Officer
- Dame Zina Losapio
- Alessandro Santini
- Alberico Guerzoni
- Giovanni Cheli
- Rudy Giuliani[citation needed]
See also
- List of Italian orders of knighthood
- Dynastic order of knighthood
- Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
References
- Miller, Michael (2015). Leaders Of The Storm Troops Volume 1. England: Helion & Company. ISBN 978-1-909982-87-1.
Notes
- ^ "THE DYNASTIC ORDERS". Dynastic Orders of the Royal House of Savoy.
- ^ "Order of Saint Lazarus: Primary sources" (PDF). um.edu.mt. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "About Savoy Foundation". SAVOYFOUNDATION-USA.ORG. Retrieved 22 August 2023.
- ^ "Orders connected to the Order of St. John of Jerusalem". www.orderstjohn.org. 18 December 2023.
- ^ a b c "ITALY". www.haileybury.com.
- ^ Established by Royal Magistral Patent dated 19 July 1839, approved by Royal Decree of 21 December 1924 and renewed by Law No. 203(1) of 7 March 1954 Medaglia Mauriziana al Merito di dieci lustri di carriera militare, published in Gazzetta Ufficiale, No. 116, 21 May 1954, as amended by Law No. 1327 of 8 November 1956
- ^ Ordini Cavallereschi del Regno d'Italia Archived 2006-05-07 at the Wayback Machine Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (retrieved 10 September 2009)
- ^ Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro Statuto - website of the Grand Magisterium of the Dynastic Orders of the House of Savoy
- ^ ISSN 1275-7519.
- ^ Senato della Repubblica: biographical summary
- ^ Head, William Pace (1995). Every Inch a Soldier: Augustine Warner Robins and the Building of U.S. Airpower Volume 37 of Texas A & M University military history series. Texas A&M University Press, 1995: Issue 37, p. 75 Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- Newspapers.com.
- ISBN 978-1-57197-088-6.
- ^ Miller 2015, p. 452.
- ^ Collezione delle Leggi e de'Decreti Reali del Regno delle Due Sicilie, Stamperia reale, 1846, p.85
- ^ "Papel Periódico Ilustrado Volúmen 1 año I Número 1 al 14". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
- ^ "Latest intelligence - The King of Italy in Berlin". The Times. No. 36859. London. 29 August 1902. p. 3.
- ^ Lab, Missouri Historical Society. "Missouri Historical Society - Find Yourself Here". The Missouri Historical Society is ... Missouri Historical Society and was founded in 1866.
- ^ "Events: 2001". House of Savoy. Retrieved 1 April 2009.
- ^ "Tricolore 10 Febbraio, 2006" (PDF). Tricolore of Italy reporting on the Ballo di Savoia. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
- ^ Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro (1870). Elenco alfabetico dei decorati dell'Ordine dei SS. Maurizio e Lazzaro dal 17 marzo 1861 (proclamazione del Regno d'Italia) al 31 dicembre 1869 (in Italian). Stamperia Reale. p. 113.
- ^ Ruffy, G., ed. (1924). Qui êtes-vous? Annuaire des contemporains: notices biographiques. 1908-1908/10, 1924. Paris: Librairie Delagrave. p. 741.