Francis V. Chisari
Francis "Frank" Vincent Chisari (born 5 April 1942 in New York City)[1] is a physician, experimental pathologist, and viral immunologist, known for his research on virus-host interactions and disease pathogenesis during hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections.[2]
Education and career
Chisari graduated in 1963 with a bachelor's degree in biology magna cum laude from
Chisari studies the immunological basis for viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during persistent viral infections, especially HBV and HCV, the signaling pathways and effector molecules that mediate these antiviral effects, and the viral evasion strategies that subvert them. He is best known for demonstrating that chronic immune-mediated injury and inflammation can cause liver cancer and for discovering that antiviral T cells can purge viruses from infected cells noncytolytically by secreting antiviral cytokines that inhibit viral replication, thus controlling the infection while preserving the vital functions of the infected tissue.
Chisari's laboratory developed cell-based models and animal models of HBV and HCV infection and performed foundational studies elucidating the
Chisari's laboratory also demonstrated that HCV RNA can be transmitted via exosomes from infected hepatocytes to uninfected hepatocytes while masked from detection by anti-HCV antibodies, identifying a unique mechanism for viral spread by escaping recognition by the immune response while in transit. They also demonstrated that exosomes released by infected cells can deliver HCV RNA to plasmacytoid dendritic cells, thereby triggering an innate host response that was subsequently shown to prevent viral spread to susceptible hepatocytes, establishing a new paradigm in hepatitis C virus biology.
Chisari has served on the editorial boards of numerous scientific journals. He holds many patents on the use of viral peptide epitopes for the treatment or prevention of hepatitis-B or hepatitis-C virus infections.[6] In recognitions of his contributions, Chisari has received numerous honors and awards (listed below).
Awards and honors
- 1992 Elected Member, Association of American Physicians
- 1996 Elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science[7]
- 1997 Jung Prize for Medicine, Jung Foundation for Science and Research
- 1999 Rous-Whipple Award, American Society for Investigative Pathology[8]
- 1999 Distinguished Achievement Award, American Association for Study of Liver Disease[9]
- 2002 Elected Fellow, the American Academy of Microbiology
- 2002 Elected Member, the National Academy of Sciences[2]
- 2003 Elected Member, the National Academy of Medicine[10]
- 2004 Distinguished Alumnus Award, Weill Cornell University Medical College
- 2007 Distinguished Scientist Award, Hepatitis B Foundation
- 2015 William H. Prusoff Lifetime Achievement Award
- 2017 First Distinguished Award in Hepatitis B Virus Research
Selected publications
- Kapadia, S. B.; Chisari, F. V. (2005). "Hepatitis C virus RNA replication is regulated by host geranylgeranylation and fatty acids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (7): 2561–6. PMID 15699349.
- Robek, M. D.; Boyd, B. S.; Chisari, F. V. (2005). "Lambda interferon inhibits hepatitis B and C virus replication". Journal of Virology. 79 (6): 3851–4. PMID 15731279.
- Gilbert, R. J.; Beales, L.; Blond, D.; Simon, M. N.; Lin, B. Y.; Chisari, F. V.; Stuart, D. I.; Rowlands, D. J. (2005). "Hepatitis B small surface antigen particles are octahedral". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (41): 14783–8. PMID 16203986.
- Chisari, F. V. (2005). "Unscrambling hepatitis C virus-host interactions". Nature. 436 (7053): 930–2. S2CID 24837913. Cited in PMC
- Wieland, S. F.; Chisari, F. V. (2005). "Stealth and cunning: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses". Journal of Virology. 79 (15): 9369–80. PMID 16014900. Free full text Cited in PMC
- Wieland, S. F.; Eustaquio, A.; Whitten-Bauer, C.; Boyd, B.; Chisari, F. V. (2005). "Interferon prevents formation of replication-competent hepatitis B virus RNA-containing nucleocapsids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (28): 9913–7. PMID 15994231.
- Bukh, J.; Thimme, R.; Meunier, J. C.; Faulk, K.; Spangenberg, H. C.; Chang, K. M.; Satterfield, W.; Chisari, F. V.; PMID 18550671.
- Bobardt, M. D.; Cheng, G.; De Witte, L.; Selvarajah, S.; Chatterji, U.; Sanders-Beer, B. E.; Geijtenbeek, T. B.; Chisari, F. V.; Gallay, P. A. (2008). "Hepatitis C virus NS5A anchor peptide disrupts human immunodeficiency virus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105 (14): 5525–30. PMID 18378908.
- Asabe, S.; Wieland, S. F.; Chattopadhyay, P. K.; Roederer, M.; Engle, R. E.; Purcell, R. H.; Chisari, F. V. (2009). "The size of the viral inoculum contributes to the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection". Journal of Virology. 83 (19): 9652–62. PMID 19625407.
- Takahashi, K.; Asabe, S.; Wieland, S.; Garaigorta, U.; Gastaminza, P.; Isogawa, M.; Chisari, F. V. (2010). "Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense hepatitis C virus-infected cells, produce interferon, and inhibit infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (16): 7431–6. PMID 20231459.
- Bissig, K. D.; Wieland, S. F.; Tran, P.; Isogawa, M.; Le, T. T.; Chisari, F. V.; PMID 20179355.
- Gastaminza, P.; Whitten-Bauer, C.; Chisari, F. V. (2010). "Unbiased probing of the entire hepatitis C virus life cycle identifies clinical compounds that target multiple aspects of the infection". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (1): 291–6. PMID 19995961.
- Bandi, P.; Garcia, M. L.; Booth, C. J.; Chisari, F. V.; Robek, M. D. (2010). "Bortezomib inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mice". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 54 (2): 749–56. PMID 19949053.
- Yang, P. L.; Althage, A.; Chung, J.; Maier, H.; Wieland, S.; Isogawa, M.; Chisari, F. V. (2010). "Immune effectors required for hepatitis B virus clearance". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (2): 798–802. PMID 20080755.
- Asabe, S.; Wieland, S. F.; Chattopadhyay, P. K.; Roederer, M.; Engle, R. E.; Purcell, R. H.; Chisari, F. V. (2009). "The size of the viral inoculum contributes to the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection". Journal of Virology. 83 (19): 9652–62. PMID 19625407.
- Chisari, F. V.; Isogawa, M.; Wieland, S. F. (2010). "Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection". Pathologie-Biologie. 58 (4): 258–66. PMID 20116937.
- Dreux, M.; Chisari, F. V. (2011). "Impact of the autophagy machinery on hepatitis C virus infection". Viruses. 3 (8): 1342–57. PMID 22440715.
- Guidotti, L. G.; Isogawa, M.; Chisari, F. V. (2015). "Host-virus interactions in hepatitis B virus infection". Current Opinion in Immunology. 36: 61–6. PMID 26186123.
- Revill, P. A.; Chisari, F. V.; Block, J. M.; Dandri, M.; Gehring, A. J.; Guo, H.; Hu, J.; Kramvis, A.; Lampertico, P.; Janssen HLA; Levrero, M.; Li, W.; Liang, T. J.; Lim, S. G.; Lu, F.; Penicaud, M. C.; Tavis, J. E.; Thimme, R.; Members of the ICE-HBV Working Groups; ICE-HBV Stakeholders Group Chairs; ICE-HBV Senior Advisors; Zoulim, F. (2019). "A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B". The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 4 (7): 545–558. PMID 30981686.
- PMID 30593764.
References
- ^ biographical information from American Men and Women of Science, Thomson Gale 2004.
- ^ a b "Francis V. Chisari". National Academy of Sciences (nasonline.org).
- ^ "Frank Chisari, MD". Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research.
- ^ "Francis V. Chisari, M.D." Vir Biotechnology (vir.bio).
- ^ "Rous-Whipple Award – 1999, Francis V. Chisari" (PDF). American Society for Investigative Pathology.
- ^ "Patents by Inventor Francis V. Chisari". Justia Patents (patents.justia.com).
- ^ "Historic Fellows Listing". American Association for the Advancement of Science.
- PMID 10751335.
- ^ "Distinguished Achievement Award Recipients". American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (aasld.org).
- ^ "Chisari, Francis V., Member Directory". National Academy of Medicine.
- Ohkoshi, S.; Hirono, K; Watanabe, K.; Hasegawa, K.; Yano, M. (2015). "Contributions of transgenic mouse studies on the research of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis". World Journal of Hepatology. 7 (28): 2834–2840. PMID 26668695.