Fred Woudhuizen
Frederik Christiaan Woudhuizen (Zutphen, 13 February 1959 – Heiloo, 28 September 2021)[1] was a Dutch independent scholar who studied ancient Indo-European languages, hieroglyphic Luvian/Luwian, and Mediterranean protohistory.[2] He was the former editor of Talanta, Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society.[3][4]
Life
Fred Woudhuizen graduated from high school in 1977. He finished his history studies in 1985 with an exam in
Work
Woudhuizen examined in particular the writing systems of the
Until 2008, Woudhuizen worked for two decades jointly with
The deciphering of Linear A triggered a
Woudhuizen's works show that characters, scripts and languages of the 2nd millennium BC were largely derived from one another across the entire Mediterranean region. With regard to the transcription of Luwian hieroglyphs, Woudhuizen insisted that the sound values of the Luwian language, which are known for around 90 percent of the words, ought to be used. The standard method for transcription, as established in 1973, however, uses Latin terms. The well-known Luwian word “parna” (for house) is therefore transcribed with the Latin term “DOMUS”.[13] Woudhuizen argued that the translation into Latin hinders access to the Luwian language, thus making it unnecessarily difficult to understand.[14] He also assumed a position against the so-called “new reading” advocated by J. David Hawkins and suggested replacing this with an “adapted old reading”.[15]
Woudhuizen's arguments have been confirmed by the subsequent studies in a number of instances:
- Since the 1980s, Woudhuizen has argued that the coming of the Greeks should be placed around 1600 BC.[16] Historian Robert Drews, in his work, The Coming of the Greeks, seems to agree with this late date.[17]
- Woudhuizen argued that Luwian has to be centum like all other Early Indo-European languages.[18] This suggestion was accepted by Craig Melchert in 2012.[19]
- According to Woudhuizen, Luwian hieroglyphic came into use as early as 2000 BC,[20][21] and Willemijn Waal in a 2012 paper confirmed the existence of Middle Bronze Age Luwian inscriptions.[22]
- The word tíwaná occurs frequently in the Late Bronze Age Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions from Yalburt and Südburg. Already in the 1990s, Woudhuizen interpreted this word to represent “enemy,” which helped understanding the texts much better.[23] This interpretation was later confirmed by Ilya Yakubovich.[24]
- Piero Meriggi in 1964 read the sequence ma-sà-ka-na- as “Phrygians” in Kızıldağ 4[25] – and Woudhuizen was the only scholar who maintained this identification ever since.[26] In 2019, the word “Muski” turned up in the Türkmen-Karahöyük inscription and was then interpreted to mean “Phrygian” – as it does in Kızıldağ 4.[27]
- The Tuscany Dice bears the Etruscan words for the digits 1-6, where θu has been read as “one” and zal as “two”. Woudhuizen suggested swapping the numbers so that θu stands for “two” and is thus typically Indo-European.[28] This interpretation was later adopted by John Ray.[29]
- In the late 1990s, Woudhuizen suggested that Southwestern Iberian is Celtic[30] – an idea subsequently advocated by John Koch.[31]
Selected publications
- Luwian hieroglyphic monumental rock and stone inscriptions from the Hittite Empire period
- Selected Luwian hieroglyphic texts 1
- Selected Luwian hieroglyphic texts 2
- Selected Luwian hieroglyphic texts, the extended version
- The earliest Cretan scripts
- The earliest Cretan scripts 2
- The Phaistos Disc: A Luwian letter to Nestor
- The ethnicity of the Sea Peoples
- Ethnicity in Mediterranean Protohistory, with Wim M.J. van Binsbergen
- Some More Etruscan Inscriptions
- Two Notes on Lydian
- Etruscan as a colonial Luwian language, Amsterdam 2019
- The Liber Linteus
References
- ^ "Fred Woudhuizen (1959–2021)". Luwian Studies. Retrieved 2022-02-04.
- ^ "Obscure 3,200-year-old stone inscription finally gets deciphered -- tells of Troy prince conquests and 'Sea People'". Zmescience.com. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ "Interview with Fred Woudhuizen about the question whether the hieroglyphic inscription from Beyköy might be forged - Luwian Studies". Luwianstudies.org. 16 October 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ "Fred Woudhuizen". Woudhuizen.nl. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- ^ Hiller, Stefan (1985). "Die kyprominoische Schriftsysteme". Archiv für Orientforschung (Beiheft 20): 83.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2006). "The Decipherment of Linear B". The Earliest Cretan Scripts [1]. Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft (Sonderheft 125): 15–28.
- ^ Best, Jan G. P. (1981). "YAŠŠARAM!". Supplementum Epigraphicum Mediterraneum and Talanta, Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society (13): 17–21.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2008). "Various Versions of the Linear A Libation Formula, again, but now in their entirety". Ugarit-Forschungen (40): 571–585.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2007). "On the Byblos Script". Ugarit-Forschungen (39): 689–756.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2017). "The Language of Linear C and Linear D from Cyprus". Publications of the Henri Frankfort Foundation. 15.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2016). "Documents in Minoan Luwian, Semitic, and Pelasgian". Publications of the Henri Frankfort Foundation. 14. Amsterdam: Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2016). "Documents in Minoan Luwian, Semitic, and Pelasgian". Publications of the Henri Frankfort Foundation. 14. Amsterdam: Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society: 19–212.
- ^ Marazzi, Massimiliano (1998). "Il Geroglifico Anatolico, Sviluppi della ricerca a venti anni dalla sua "ridecifrazione"". Atti del Colloquio e della tavola rotunda, Napoli-Procida, 5-9 giugno 1995. Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici, Serie Minor LVII. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2011). "Selected Luwian Hieroglyphic Texts: The Extended Version". Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft. 141. Innsbruck: Esp. Concordance, 20–44.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2019). "Four Notes on Luwian Hieroglyphic". Ancient West & East (19): 245-264 (esp. notes Three and Four, pp. 251-262).
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (1989). Best, Jan; de Vries, Nanny (eds.). "Thracians, Luwians and Greeks in Bronze Age Central Greece". Thracians and Mycenaeans, Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Thracology, 24–26 September 1984. Leiden: E.J. Brill: 191–204.
- ISBN 0691029512.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2011). "Selected Luwian Hieroglyphic Texts: The Extended Version". Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft. 141. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck: 407–409.
- ^ Melchert, H. Craig (2012). Sukač, Roman; Šefčík, Ondřej (eds.). "Luvo-Lycian Dorsal Stops Revisited". The Sound of Indo-European 2, Papers on the Indo-European Phonetics, Phonemics and Morphophonemics. Lincom Europa: 206–218.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2012). "Stamp Seal from Beycesultan". Journal of Indo-European Studies. 40 (1–2). Institute for the Study of Man: 1–10.
- ISBN 978-1-78491-827-9.
- S2CID 163730722.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (1994). "Luwian Hieroglyphic Monumental Rock and Stone Inscriptions from the Hittite Empire Period". Talanta, Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. 26–27: 182–183.
- S2CID 161147045.
- ^ Meriggi, Piero (1964). "Una prima attestazione epicorica dei Moschi in Frigia". Athenaeum. 42: 52–58.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (2004). "Luwian Hieroglyphic Monumental Rock and Stone Inscriptions from the Hittite Empire Period". Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Kulturwissenschaft. Sonderheft 116. Innsbruck: 161–162.
- .
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. "Etruscan Numerals in Indo-European Perspective". Talanta, Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. 20–21: 109–124.
- ^ Ray, John D. (2006). Bombi, R.; e. a. (eds.). "Is Etruscan an Indo-European language? The case revisited". Studi Linguistici in onore di Roberto Gusmani. III. Alessandria: 1467–1482.
- ^ Woudhuizen, Fred C. (1998). "The Celtic Nature of the Southwest Iberian Inscriptions". Talanta, Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. 30–31: 159–174.
- ^ Koch, John T. (2009). "Tartessian [1]: Celtic in the South-west at the Dawn of History". Celtic Studies Publications. 13. Aberystwyth.
External links
- "Fred Woudhuizen - Academia.edu". Independent.academia.edu. Retrieved 30 December 2017.
- "Woudhuizen". Woudhuizen.nl. Retrieved 30 December 2017.