Fyodor Basmanov

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Alexeyevich and the family name is Basmanov.

Fyodor Alexeyevich Basmanov (Russian: Фёдор Алексеевич Басмáнов, Russian pronunciation: [ˈfʲɵdər bɐˈsmanəf]) (fl. 1562–1570) was a Russian oprichnik, warlord and a favorite of Ivan the Terrible.

Biography

The word "Basman" denoted a certain kind of bread made exclusively in the palace dwellings. This nickname was given to an individual named Daniil Pleshcheev, Basmanov's grandfather, who was a

Vasily III, or a person who would make the bed of the ruler. The Basmanov family is recorded in the Velvet Book.[1][2] Daniil Pleshcheev was taken prisoner in the Battle of Orsha in 1514 and died in Lithuania.[3][4]

Fyodor Basmanov was the son of

Prince Kurbsky in his letters accuses the elder Basmanov of exploiting his son Fyodor to fall into the good graces of the Tsar.[1] He also had a brother, Pyotr, who was executed in 1570 along with his father.[2]

The first mention of him is made in 1562 in the razriady books, as a rynda. This may place his birth sometime in the late 1540s or the early 1550s. His status grew very quickly after 1562. He was sent by the Tsar on a certain task to the Tsar's aunt Yefrosinya Staritskaya in 1563, implying a high level of trust that the Tsar had in him.[2][4]

In 1564, Alexei and Fyodor were active in Ryazan against the Tatars, and for their bravery, both were bestowed a golden medal by the Tsar.[5]

A depiction of Fyodor and Alexei Basmanov in Ryazan, from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible

In 1567, the title kravchiy [ru] was bestowed onto Basmanov. This was a title giving Basmanov the responsibility to organize the tsar's feasts and sit next to the tsar in these feasts, which would have been a role close to the Tsar. The historian Nikolay Karamzin writes that the first favourites of Ivan the Terrible were Alexei and Fyodor, but that Fyodor was especially close to the Tsar, and especially cruel.[6]

In 1568, the Tsar tasked the Basmanovs with the downfall of his enemy,

Livonian war.[2]

Certain contemporaries of Basmanov, including Prince Kurbsky[7] and Heinrich von Staden, made accusations against Fyodor of having a homosexual relationship with the Tsar. Allegedly, the prince Dmitry Ovchina [ru] accused Fyodor of being the Tsar's sodomite, and the furious Tsar had the accuser executed in 1563, possibly by strangulation.[8][9][10] This account was written down by the author Alexander Guagnini. However, according to the historian Solovyov, Guagnini had never been in Moscow, putting the veracity of this account under doubt.[2] Albert Schlichting [ru], a foreigner who had also traveled in Muscovy, wrote that Basmanov could manipulate the Tsar to execute any of his enemies, and that this led to the death of Ovchina.[2][11]

The circumstances of his death are unclear. Around the year 1570, he and his father fell out of favor with the Tsar, as the Tsar believed that they were working with Archbishop Pimen of Novgorod to surrender

Novgorod to his enemy, Sigismund II Augustus.[12][13] However, his name is not documented anywhere in the document of executions [ru] that Ivan the Terrible kept, unlike his father and brother, whose executions in 1570 were recorded. Kurbsky wrote that Fyodor Basmanov killed his father on the orders of the Tsar.[14] Historian George Vernadsky disputes the claim that Basmanov was executed; Vernadsky proposes that Basmanov the younger died anyway in 1570 or 1571.[15] However, von Staden wrote that both Alexei and Fyodor were executed.[2] Basmanov disappears from the historical record after 1571.[16]

Marriages and family

It is documented that he married a member of the

hegumenia of the Ascension Convent until 1613.[20]

In popular culture

Mikhail Kuznetsov (left) as Fyodor Basmanov opposite Nikolay Cherkasov in Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible

References

  1. ^ a b Skrynnikov, Ruslan (1975). Иван Грозный [Ivan the Terrible] (in Russian). p. 87.
  2. ^
    ISSN 2522-4824
    . Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  3. ^ Басмановы-Плещеевы [The Basmanov-Pleshcheevs]. Военный энциклопедический лексикон (Military Encyclopedic Dictionary) (in Russian). 1837–1850. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  4. ^ a b Skrynnikov, Ruslan (1973). Переписка Грозного и Курбского: Парадоксы Эдварда Кинана [Letter Exchange of Ivan the Terrible and Kurbsky: The Paradoxes of Edward Keenan] (PDF) (in Russian). Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. p. 53. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  5. ^ Karamzin, Nikolay (1818–1829). Продолжение царствования Иоанна Грозного. 1563–1569 г. [Continuation of the ruling of Ioann the Terrible. 1563–1569]. История государства Российского [History of the Russian State] (in Russian). Vol. 9. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  6. ^ Karamzin, Nikolay (1818–1829). Продолжение царствования Иоанна Грозного. 1569–1572 г. [Continuation of the ruling of Ioann the Terrible.1569–1572]. История государства Российского [History of the Russian State] (in Russian). Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  7. ^ Skrynnikov, Ruslan (2001). "Измена Курбского" [Kurbsky's Betrayal]. Иван Грозный [Ivan the Terrible] (in Russian). «Издательство АСТ». Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  8. ^ Payne, Robert; Romanoff, Nikita (2002). Ivan the Terrible. Cooper Square Press. p. 216.
  9. JSTOR 24657751
    . Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  10. ^ "Obolenskiy-Telepnev, Dimitriy Fyodorovich (Ovchina)" Оболенский-Телепнев, Димитрий Федорович (Овчина). Russian Biographical Dictionary (in Russian). 1902. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  11. ^ Malein, Aleksandr (1934). КРАТКОЕ СКАЗАНИЕ О ХАРАКТЕРЕ И ЖЕСТОКОМ ПРАВЛЕНИИ МОСКОВСКОГО ТИРАНА ВАСИЛЬЕВИЧА ["A short telling of the personality and cruel reign of the Muscovite Tyrant [Ivan] Vasilyevich]. Новое известие о времени Ивана Грозного (in Russian). «Издательство Академии Наук СССР». Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  12. ISBN 9789004304017
    . Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  13. ISBN 978-985-518-038-9
    . Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  14. ^ "Basmanov, Alexei Danilovich" Басманов, Алексей Данилович. Russian Biographical Dictionary (in Russian). 1900. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  15. ^ Vernadsky, George. "The Livonian War and the Oprichnina". Московское царство [Tsardom of Muscovy] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  16. ^ "The Basmanovs" Басмановы. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1891. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  17. JSTOR 4207084
    . Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  18. ^ "Басманов, Петр Федорович" [Basmanov, Pyotr Fyodorovich]. Russian Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 2. 1900. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  19. ^ "Басманов, Иван Федорович" [Basmanov, Ivan Fyodorovich]. Russian Biographical Dictionary (in Russian). Vol. 2. 1900. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  20. ^ Snopok, Milana Andreyevna (5 March 2023). "Фёдор Басманов и его связь с Иваном IV Грозным" [Fyodor Basmanov and his ties to Ivan the Terrible]. Актуальные исследования (in Russian). 10 (140). Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  21. S2CID 147797492
    . Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  22. ISSN 2413-9912
    . Retrieved 19 July 2023.

External links

Journal articles about Basmanov:

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