Gabriel Terra

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He was the man who ruled the country for the longest uninterrupted time. In 1938 he became President of the Bank of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (BROU), that same year he left office due to a stroke, remaining paralyzed for 4 years, until his death almost in extreme poverty on September 15, 1942.

Life

Born in

Terra graduated as a lawyer in 1895 from UDELAR and had a lengthy political career, being a national deputy, he was deputy, minister of Industry, Work, and Public Instruction, a member of the 1917 Uruguayan

In 1920.[1] Terra presented a bill providing for the creation of a National Cooperative Institute. This formed, according to one study, "a type of consumer cooperative under public law, limited to State officials and supported by the Bank of the Republic." The scope of the initiative was expanded by the National Council of Administration to cover all the inhabitants of the Republic, and although it was sanctioned with modifications by the House of Representatives the initiative was detained in the Senate without ever obtaining approval.^[2]

He was a pioneer in promoting the development of hydroelectric energy and the use of hydrogen as fuel. His candidacy for the presidency in 1930 was opposed to the Luis Alberto de Herrera, leader of the National Party who obtained 47.26% of the votes cast, compared to 52.02% in favor of Terra.

On 13 February 1938, during a spontaneous congregation of workers to honor him in front of his house, in his last public speech to a popular crowd, he said:

"(...) since the first public days I have always been on the side of the underdog, on the side of the worker and the employee, who is also a worker. And I have shown throughout my public life, that if there is something What disgusts me is the man who accumulates wealth, call himself a merchant, call himself a rancher and does not know how to distribute part of that wealth among those who suffer. I respect the one who works and progresses, the one who with his honest effort is reciprocated by material power, but not respect to those who do not know how to obey feelings of human solidarity" [1].

He was the Uruguayan

He died in poverty^[

.

National Government (1931-1938)

On 1 March 1931, he assumed the Presidency of the Republic for the period 1931-1935. He opposed the Constitution of 1918 from the beginning, claiming that it was an unviable system that generated ungovernability. In 1932 the economic and political crisis worsened, so in November of that year he finally separated from the leading figures of Batllismo and began an unconstitutional^{[clarification needed]} tour of the interior of the country in favor of a constitutional reform, instigating the mobilization of thousands of farmers through the center of Montevideo. On 1 April a "March on Montevideo" was organized, inspired by the March on Rome of Benito Mussolini, and the farmers paraded on Larrañaga Avenue to the "Centro Eúskaro" along with thousands of people, managing to unite the support of the rural sectors and independent revolutionaries.

On the night of 31 March 1933, with the support of the

Coup d'etat

the name of "Revolution of March".

He established a

Right to strike, Right to housing, Right to work, Right to health, Right to food, Protection of Children and the family, Equality between both sexes, women's vote, increased State control in the economy, with new sections and articles for the Autonomous Entities and Decentralized Services, the State Control on Trusted Capitals and Oligopolies and the Prohibition of Usury

. He was elected Constitutional President again for the period 1934-1938, and held office until 19 June 1938.

Economic and financial policy and international relations

During his mandate, an aggressive import substitution industrialization policy was developed, between 1933 and 1938 the industry grew by 60%, more than 11,000 new factories were founded, important public works were carried out, such as a massive program of roads and workers' housing through the Ministry of Public Works. In addition, the "National Institute of Affordable Housing" was created [2].

It carried out programs for the modernization of agricultural production, the elimination of hunger and the subdivision of the land, with the creation of the

Ministry of Education and Culture

in all public primary schools in the country.

His sayings about the Jewish people and international finance, in one of his long radio-conferences, are recorded on page 310 of the book "Gabriel Terra: The Man, The Politician, The Ruler" by General Dr. José Luciano Martínez.

"The Jews in the face of this disastrous competition cannot satisfy their insatiable greed (...) the great weapon to combat it (usury), is to fortify the credit institutions, which, like the Banco de la República, carry to all areas of the country the free loan (without interest)."

The

pesos incurred since the Great War in the 19th century, until 1933. Taxes were reduced, all taxes on those who earned less than 100 pesos per month, between 1934 and 1938 the administration had significant surpluses

, such as 9.65% in 1935.

See also

• Constitution of Uruguay of 1934
• Politics of Uruguay
• List of political families#Uruguay

Sources

• Geneall

References

1. ^ COOPERATIVISMO EN EL URUGUAY SERIE DE TEMAS NACIONALES 6 P.90
2. ^ PROCESO Y SIGNIFICADO DEL COOPERATIVISMO URUGUAYO JUAN PABLO TERRA, P.38

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gabriel Terra.

• Escuadrilla de Alta Acrobacia de Italia en Uruguay on
  YouTube
• Avión Breda "Leonardo Da Vinci" Aviación Civil Uruguaya. on
  YouTube

Political offices
Preceded by Juan Campisteguy	President of Uruguay 1931–1938	Succeeded by Alfredo Baldomir