Garo (magazine)
Categories | Alternative manga |
---|---|
Frequency | Monthly |
First issue | July 1964 |
Final issue | December 2002 |
Company | Seirindō[1] |
Country | Japan |
Language | Japanese |
Garo (ガロ) was a monthly
History
Katsuichi Nagai founded Garo in July 1964 in order to publish the work of
From 1965 onwards and especially from 1967, the magazine published more and more manga with unconventional form and themes. At the same time, the magazine abandoned its political education project and, while manga published in the magazine stayed critical of militarism and corporate greed, serializations became increasingly "little committed to social change" according to Ryan Holmberg.[4] Garo's circulation at the peak of its popularity in 1971 was over eighty thousand. The magazine was politically affiliated with the Zengakuren and had a big following among the left-wing student movement.[5][6]
During the 1970s and 1980s its popularity declined. By the mid-1980s its circulation was barely over twenty thousand, and its demise was rumored to be imminent. Nagai managed to keep it going independently until 1991, when it was bought out by a game software company. Although a new, young president was installed and advertisements for computer games (based on stories featured in Garo) started to run in the magazine, Nagai was kept on board as chairman until his death in 1996.
After being bought out by a new owner, there were allegations of the anthology taking a more commercial path. Eventually authors who were regular to Garo went their own ways and founded other anthologies like
Style and themes
Over the years, Garo went through many artistic phases, including Shirato's
Sharon Kinsella writes that the magazine explored "the realm of dreams,
The early period of the magazine saw manga inspired by "
The magazine was considered too specialist to be clearly identified with one of the four classic manga categorizations shōjo manga, shōnen manga, josei manga and seinen manga.[7]
Legacy
For much of its existence, Garo was the premiere showcase for "art" manga in Japan. It was popular enough during its heyday to inspire several imitators, including COM, founded by manga legend Osamu Tezuka, Comic Baku and Comic Are.[8] Because Garo was the artistic center of alternative manga production for decades, alternative manga in Japan are often called Garo-kei (ガロ系), even if they were not published in Garo.[9][10] The term was first used by manga critic Tomofusa Kure in order to describe Garo's influence on the style of mainstream seinen manga published in magazines like Afternoon and Morning in the 1980s and 1990s.[11]
Garo's influence both within the manga business and in Japanese society as a whole has been considerable. Many
Garo in English
In 2008 Drawn & Quarterly published Good-Bye, the third volume of their ongoing edition of the work of Yoshihiro Tatsumi. Some of the comics collected in Good-Bye originally appeared in Garo. In 2010 an English version of the anthology AX was published by Top Shelf Productions under the title AX: alternative manga (edited by Sean Michael Wilson and former Garo editor Mitsuhiro Asakawa). It featured several of the creators who had previously appeared in Garo in its later years and received a high level of praise from critics.
Artists associated with Garo
|
Published manga
- Kamui by Shirato Sanpei (1964–1971)
- Screw Style (Nejishiki) by Yoshiharu Tsuge (1968)
- Trash Market by Tadao Tsuge (1968–1972)
- Red Colored Elegy by Seiichi Hayashi (1970–1971)
- A Single Match by Oji Suzuki
- Talk To My Backby Murasaki Yamada (1981–1984)
- Minami-kun no Koibito by Shungicu Uchida (1986–1987)
- Horizon Blue by Yōko Kondō (1988–1990)
- Yōreiboshi by Yōko Kondō (1992–1993)
- Palepoli by Usamaru Furuya (1994–1996)
References
- ^ "会社案内". GaroWeb (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 16 Feb 2019.
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: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ )
- ^ Kinsella, p. 104.
- ^ a b c Nadel, Dan (2010-04-19). "Ryan Holmberg on the Early Years of Garo". Archived from the original on 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
- ^ a b Kinsella, p. 31-32
- ^ "'Garo', An Era of Underground Manga". Pen Magazine International. 2022-02-18. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
- ^ Kinsella, p. 45.
- ^ Kinsella, p. 73.
- ISBN 978-2-406-06963-8, retrieved 2022-11-10
- ^ Asia-Pacific Perspectives, Japan Plus. Jiji Gaho Sha, Incorporated. 2005. p. 30.
- ^ Kinsella, p. 189.
- ^ "A Forgotten Manga Artist: Kuniko Tsurita". artreview.com. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
- ^ Bellot, Gabrielle (2020-08-05). "The Groundbreaking Female Artist Who Shaped Manga History". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
External links
- Former official website of Garo (Japanese)
- Overview of Garo issues between 1964 and 1971 (Japanese)
Literature
- Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga by ISBN 1-880656-23-X)
- Introduction to Comics Underground Japan, edited by Kevin Quigley (ISBN 0-922233-16-0)
- Garo Manga: The First Decade, 1964–1973, by Ryan Holmberg (The Center for Book Arts, 2010)