Generative design
Generative design (GD) is an
Algorithmic design (AD) has a very similar meaning. When used in the computer-aided architectural design context, some researchers use it synonymously with GD, some claim that AD includes GD,[2] some consider AD as a subset of GD.[3]
The output can be items such as
Computers can explore orders of magnitude more
Compared with traditional top-down design approaches, generative design addresses design problems by using a bottom-up paradigm. The solution itself then evolves to a good, if not optimal, solution.[10]
Generative design involves rule definition and result analysis which are integrated with the design process.
The software then begins iterating, changing things a bit at a time, much like random mutations try out new combinations of animal DNA, and testing it against the necessary performance targets, much like life tests its DNA mutations. Over millions of generations, the software adds a little metal here, removes a little there, and checks if the part is stronger or weaker, lighter or heavier than its predecessors.
Within a surprisingly short time (a couple of hours, if given access to high-powered cloud processing), it comes back with shapes humans could never have directly designed. But they're strikingly similar to the work of nature; where there's more stress to be dealt with, they gradually become thicker. Where there's less stress, they get thinner. Support structures waste away where they're not needed, and tend to line up with the load path. In short, they start looking weirdly bony and organic.
Applications
Architecture and Industrial Design
Generative Design is a morphogenetic process using algorithms structured as not-linear systems for endless unique and unrepeatable results performed by an idea-code, as in Nature. (C.Soddu 1992) url=https://generativedesign.com
Architecture
Generative design has been applied in architecture.[13] Architectural design has long been regarded as a wicked problem.[14] The advantage of using generative design as a design tool is that it does not construct fixed geometries, but take a set of design rules that can generate an infinite set of possible design solutions. The generated design solutions can be more sensitive, responsive, and adaptive to the wicked problem.
Historical precedent work includes Antoni Gaudí's Sagrada Família, which used rule-based geometrical forms for structures,[15] and Buckminster Fuller's Montreal Biosphere where the rules to generate individual components is designed, rather than the final product.[16]
More recent generative design cases includes Foster and Partners' Queen Elizabeth II Great Court, where the tessellated glass roof was designed using a geometric schema to define hierarchical relationships, and then the generated solution was optimized based on geometrical and structural requirement.[17]
Component design
NASA has begun using generative design in its parts. What they call "evolved structures" minimize weight and stress concentrations common in human designs. Weights go down by as much as two thirds, while stress factors are nearly 10 times lower. Such parts are often made via
See also
- Computer art
- Computer-automated design
- Feedback
- Generative art
- Parametric design
- Procedural modeling
- Random number generation
- System dynamics
- Topology optimization
References
- ^ Meintjes, Keith. ""Generative Design" – What's That? - CIMdata". Retrieved 2018-06-15.
- ^ Caetano, Santos & Leitão 2020, p. 294.
- ^ Caetano, Santos & Leitão 2020, p. 295.
- ^ ENGINEERING.com. "Generative Design: The Road to Production". www.engineering.com. Retrieved 2019-12-05.
- ^ a b Blain, Loz (2023-02-15). "NASA's "evolved structures" radically reduce weight – and waiting". New Atlas. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
- ^ Schwab, Katharine (16 April 2019). "This is the first commercial chair made using generative design". Fast Company. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- OCLC 1003551283.)
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Further reading
- Caetano, Inês; Santos, Luís; Leitão, António (2020). "Computational design in architecture: Defining parametric, generative, and algorithmic design". Frontiers of Architectural Research. 9 (2): 287–300. .
- Gary William Flake: The Computational Beauty of Nature: Computer Explorations of Fractals, Chaos, Complex Systems, and Adaptation. MIT Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-262-56127-3
- John Maeda: Design by Numbers, MIT Press 2001, ISBN 978-0-262-63244-7
- Krish, Sivam (2011). "A practical generative design method". Computer-Aided Design. 43: 88–100. .
- Celestino Soddu: papers on Generative Design (1991-2011) at Generative Art Design Papers. C.Soddu, E.Colabella