Gentleman Usher
Gentleman Usher and Lady Usher are titles for some officers of the
Gentleman Ushers as servants
History
Gentleman Ushers were originally a class of servants found not only in the Royal Household, but in lesser establishments as well. They were regularly found in the households of Tudor noblemen, and were prescribed by Richard Brathwait, in his Household of an Earle, as one of the "officers and Servants the state of an Earle requireth to have". The Gentleman Ushers occupied an intermediate level between the steward, the usual head, and the ordinary servants; they were responsible for overseeing the work of the servants "above stairs", particularly those who cooked and waited upon the nobleman at meals, and saw to it the great chamber was kept clean by the lesser servants. He was also responsible for overseeing other miscellaneous service, such as the care of the nobleman's chapel and bed-chambers. It was traditionally the Gentleman Usher who swore in new members of the nobleman's service.[1]
The duties of a Gentleman Usher, not unlike those of a contemporary butler, made him quite important in Tudor and 17th-century households. George Chapman's play The Gentleman Usher has as its title character the pompous but easily fooled Bassiolo, Gentleman Usher to Lord Lasso. Henry VIII gave an usher's position and fee to the Italian merchant Leonardo Frescobaldi.[2]
Gentleman Ushers of the Privy Chamber
The tasks of the Gentlemen Ushers of the Privy Chamber in the reign of
Gentleman usher quarter waiter
These ushers served in terms or quarters. At the
A Scottish usher called Bochan or Buchanan fought with
Royal Gentleman Ushers
The Gentleman Ushers of the Royal Household, in order of precedence, were originally the four Gentleman Ushers of the Privy Chamber (who attended the Sovereign in the Privy Chamber), the four Gentleman Ushers Daily Waiters, and the eight Gentleman Ushers Quarter(ly) Waiters. The latter two originally served different terms of service, but the distinction later became only nominal, as the role of the Gentleman Ushers became increasingly ceremonial and they exercised less supervision over the staff. In 1901,
Present day
Today an establishment of 10 Lady and Gentleman Ushers is maintained for attendance at royal events.[9] Lady and Gentleman Ushers to The King are generally appointed from retired military officers with three representing the Royal Navy, four representing the Army and three representing the Royal Air Force.
When on duty Ushers generally wear either
Among their duties, they act as ushers at
Ushers retire at 70, when they may become Extra Gentleman Ushers.
Particular Gentleman Ushers
Certain Gentleman Ushers have duties outside of the Royal Household, usually attached either as officers of an
- The Serjeant-at-Arms of the House of Lords. During the Tudor period, he was usually one of the senior members of the Royal Household, such as the Groom of the Stool; from the Restoration until 1765, Black Rod was the senior of the existing Gentleman Usher Daily Waiter, after which a new Daily Waiter was appointed to succeed the previous Black Rod. The first Lady Usher of the Black Rod, Sarah Clarke, was appointed as the new Black Rod on 17 November 2017. She formally took on the duties as Lady Usher of the Black Rod in February 2018.
- The Gentleman Usher of the White Rod, established as a hereditary dignity c.1373, who attended the Parliament of Scotland before its abolition in 1707. The heritable office was pronounced to be adjudgeable in 1758, and has been bought and sold several times since then. The position was revived to some degree in connection with the Parliament of Great Britain, and is now held by the Walker Trustees.[10]
- The Gentleman Usher of the Green Rod, established 1714, is the usher for the Scottish Order of the Thistle, currently Rear Admiral Christopher Hope Layman.
- The Irish Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, established 1783, is the usher for the Irish Order of St Patrick; there have been no appointees to the office since 1933.
- The Gentleman Usher of the Scarlet Rod, established in 1725, is the usher for the British Order of the Bath. The present Scarlet Rod is Major General James Gordon.
- The Sword of State in ceremonial processions, currently General Sir Kevin O'Donoghue.
- The Gentleman Usher of the Blue Rod, established as 1882 as an "Officer of Arms" and made an usher in 1911, is the usher for the British Order of St Michael and St George, currently Dame DeAnne Julius.
- The Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod, established in 1918, is the usher for the Order of the British Empire, currently Dame Amelia Fawcett.
Gentleman Ushers of the Black Rod also exist for New Zealand, Australia and its states, and Canada. In some respects, the Military Social Aides to the US President, who attend on some 2 to 4 afternoons a month to assist visitors to the White House, are an American and more recent equivalent to the Gentleman Ushers in Ordinary.
References
- ^ Jones, Paul V.B. (1918). The Household of a Tudor Nobleman. University of Illinois. Retrieved 2007-08-04.
- ^ Maria Hayward, The Great Wardrobe Accounts of Henry VII and Henry VIII (Boydell, 2012), p. xliii, xlix, 153.
- ^ Antiquarian Repertory, 4 (London, 1809), p. 648–651.
- ^ Edward Arber, An English Garner, vol. 8 (Archibald Constable, 1896), p. 506.
- ^ Trevelyan Papers, 3 (London: Camden Society, 1872), p. 55.
- ^ Trevelyan Papers, 3 (London: Camden Society, 1872), pp. 62–63.
- ^ Norman Egbert McClure, Letters of John Chamberlain', vol. 1 (Philadelphia, 1939), p. 296.
- ^ John William Clay, Abstracts of Yorkshire Wills (Worksop, 1890), p. 86: Mary Anne Everett Green, Calendar State Papers Domestic, Charles II: 1660–1661 (London, 1860), p. 334.
- ^ Allison & Riddell (1991). The Royal Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan.
- ^ Hallen, Arthur Washington Cornelius; Stevenson, John Horne (April 1897). "The Usher of the White Rod". The Scottish Antiquary, or, Northern Notes and Queries. XI (44). W. Green and Sons: 158–170. Retrieved 2007-08-04.