Geology of Delaware

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Coordinates: 39°42′N 75°42′W / 39.7°N 75.7°W / 39.7; -75.7
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Geological map featuring the crystalline and sedimentary rock types in the Mid-Atlantic segment of the Appalachian Mountains

The geology of Delaware consists of two physiographic provinces located in the

Atlantic Coastal Plain and the Piedmont
.

Coastal plain

The coastal plain in Delaware is by far the largest province, encompassing all of the state south of the

Potomac Formation also contains some scattered lignite
.

As recently as five million years ago, much of present-day Delaware was submerged as the floor of a shallow sea, the

geologic times
did the coastal plain areas of the state emerge as dry land.

Atlantic coastline

Delaware has a 25-mile (40 km) coastline that includes the communities of

Indian River Inlet serves as the only "natural" access to Rehoboth and Indian River Bays. The other areas are known as bay barriers and provide the only separation from the Atlantic Ocean
from the lagoons.

Off shore there are two

shoal fields; Hen and Chickens shoal and Fenwick Island shoal. These two areas pose a hazard to boaters. The longshore drift along the coast is generally north with a node just below South Bethany moving the sand south toward Ocean City, Maryland. Further offshore, the Delaware River paleovalley, which existed during the most recent ice age, is filled with recent sediments scoured and re-deposited as sea level rose.[2]

Piedmont

The Piedmont Physiographic Region of Delaware only includes the hills of northern New Castle County, which rise to approximately 400 feet (120 m) above sea level. The Piedmont extends into neighboring Pennsylvania and Maryland.

The rocks exposed in the Piedmont are metamorphic and igneous rocks that are approximately half a billion to 1.2 billion years old. The only

Fall Line, where the northern margin of the younger Cretaceous
coastal plain sediments overlie the older Piedmont rocks.

Geologic features

Geological formations of Delaware

Delaware Geological Survey

The Delaware Geological Survey is the primary source of information about Delaware geology and hydrogeology, such as surface and sub-surface geologic rock formations, extent and quality of aquifers, stream and groundwater monitoring, water supply, earthquakes, floods and droughts, coastal processes (tides, beach erosion), topographic mapping, state mapping and GIS coordination. DGS research and service activities are focused on five areas: (1) geology, (2) hydrology, (3) natural hazards, (4) the state geospatial framework, and (5) information dissemination. These efforts impact a wide variety of issues ranging from water resources, agriculture, environmental protection, and energy and mineral resources to economic development, land-use planning, emergency management, public health, and recreation.

References

  1. ^ Plank, M.O., and Schenck, W.S.,(1998). Delaware Piedmont Geology Including a guide to the rocks of Red Clay Valley: Delaware Geologic Survey SP-20, p 17
  2. ^ McKenna, K.K., and Ramsey, K.W. (2002). An Evaluation of Sand Resources, Atlantic Offshore, Delaware. Delaware Geologic Survey, Report of Investigation No. 63, Newark, Delaware.

External links

39°42′N 75°42′W / 39.7°N 75.7°W / 39.7; -75.7

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