George Billman
George Edward Billman | |
---|---|
Born | Fort Worth, Texas | 23 July 1954
Citizenship | American |
Alma mater | Xavier University University of Kentucky |
Known for | Studying the effects of exercise training and omega-3 fatty acids on the cardiovascular system |
Spouse | Rosemary (1975–) |
Children | 2 |
Awards | Fellow – American Heart Association (2001) Fellow – Heart Rhythm Society (2011) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Physiology |
Institutions | University of Oklahoma Ohio State University |
Thesis | The Neural Control of the Coronary Circulation during Behavioral Stress in Conscious Dogs (1980[1]) |
Doctoral advisor | David C. Randall |
George Edward Billman (born July 23, 1954) is an American
Billman's research has focused on
Early life and education
George Edward Billman was born on July 23, 1954, in
Career
In 1982, Billman was promoted to Assistant Professor of Research at Oklahoma. In 1984, he accepted an assistant professor position at Ohio State University. He was promoted to associate professor in 1990 and made a full professor in 1996. Billman was elected a Fellow of the American Heart Association in 2001.[2] In 2011, he was elected a Fellow of the Heart Rhythm Society.[1][3] He is also a member of The Physiological Society in London, the American Physiological Society, the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (ISSFAL), and Sigma Xi.[1]
Billman has served on the editorial boards of the
Billman consulted for
Research
Billman's research has focused on
Model of sudden cardiac death
Billman developed a technique of inducing fatal ventricular fibrillation in dogs in the lab of H. Lowell Stone starting in 1980, and used and refined it over the next 25 years.[8][9] The model subsequently has been described as "an elegant in vivo model of sudden cardiac death" by cardiologist Michel de Lorgeril et al.[10]: 228 and "a highly reliable canine model of sudden cardiac death" by physiologist Alexander Leaf et al.[11]: 130 The model is described in Springer's handbook of reliable procedures for testing the potential effects of new drug candidates in the antiarrhythmic section.[8]
In the procedure, the left main anterior
This model of sudden cardiac death has "yielded important insights" into
Billman's model of SCD has also shown that sudden death is not a direct function of the degree of a myocardial infarction and that baroreflex gain declines during MI. Resistant dogs show a reduced heart rate during ischemia, while susceptible dogs show increased heart rate (beyond that induced by the exercise). Reviewing the findings, physiologist Dwain L. Eckberg wrote that the model "seems to be extremely relevant" to human patients at risk for sudden cardiac death.[13]
Cocaine and heart function
According to a 1990 review article by Billman, cocaine has two primary circulatory effects – increased sympathetic stimulation and cardiac ion channel inhibition – that lead to a variety of heart problems. The drug also causes increased heart rate and blood pressure. In a 1995 review article, he said resulting secondary effects include arrhythmia, coronary vasospasm, myocardial infarction, and ventricular fibrillation.[14]
Omega-3 fatty acids
In 1994, Billman used his model of SCD to test the ability of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent fatal arrhythmias. In the test, eight dogs otherwise susceptible to ventricular fibrillation were given a direct infusion of fish oil. Seven of the eight did not have VF during the test. Five of five animals re-tested in a follow-up control test (i.e. without treatment) had VF. The observed effect most likely resulted from a combination of direct chemical interaction on the cardiac cell membrane and a reduced heart rate caused by the omega-3s.[15][16] The study was picked up by a nationally syndicated columnist, and thus reported in various popular media outlets.[16] Follow-up studies in 1997 and 1999 confirmed the results (P<0.005) and found both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (found in fish oil), as well as α-Linolenic acid (found in vegetable oil) to have antiarrhythmic effects.[17][18][19]
The same effect has been shown to occur in humans by other researchers. Billman's more recent work has focused on discovering the biochemical mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic effects omega-3 fatty acids, and on whether the same protection can be gained through dietary omega-3 fatty acids.
Response to research
Billman's experiments have been protested by animal rights activists.
Billman received a new investigator award from National Institutes of Health (
Personal life
George Billman and his wife, Rosemary, have been married since 1975. The couple have two children – George T. and Elyse T.
Publications
Billman has authored or co-authored more than 150 scientific papers, which have been cited more than 5000 times in
Books
- Shayne Cox Gad, ed. (2005). "Cardiac Sarcolemmal ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Antagonists: Novel Ischemia-Selective Antiarrhythmic Agents". Drug Discovery Handbook. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-21384-0.
- Stefan Dhein; et al., eds. (2005). "In-Vivo Models of Arrhythmias: a Canine Model of Sudden Cardiac Death". Practical Methods in Cardiovascular Research. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-40763-8.
- Novel Therapeutic Targets for Antiarrhythmic Drugs. (editor). John Wiley & Sons. 2010. ISBN 978-0470561409.
- The Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Cardiac Rhythm: Antiarrhythmic, Proarrhythmic, Both or Neither? (editor). Frontiers. 2013. ISBN 978-2889190881.
Selected journal articles
- Billman, G. E.; Schwartz, P. J.; Stone, H. L. (1982). "Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate: a predictor of sudden cardiac death". Circulation. 66 (4): 874–880. PMID 7116603.
- Billman, G. E.; Schwartz, P. J.; Stone, H. L. (1984). "The effects of daily exercise on susceptibility to sudden cardiac death". Circulation. 69 (6): 1182–1189. PMID 6713619.
- Schwartz, P. J.; Vanoli, E.; Stramba-Badiale, M.; De Ferrari, G. M.; Billman, G. E.; Foreman, R. D. (1988). "Autonomic mechanisms and sudden death. New insights from analysis of baroreceptor reflexes in conscious dogs with and without a myocardial infarction". Circulation. 78 (4): 969–979. PMID 3168199.
- Billman, G. E. (May 1990). "Mechanisms responsible for the cardiotoxic effects of cocaine". The FASEB Journal. 4 (8): 2469–75. S2CID 39609454.
- Billman, G. E.; Hallaq, H.; Leaf, A. (May 10, 1994). "Prevention of ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation by omega 3 fatty acids". PNAS. 91 (10): 4427–4430. PMID 8183925.
- Billman, George E.; Kang, Jing X.; Leaf, Alexander (1999). "Prevention of sudden cardiac death by dietary pure ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs". Circulation. 99 (18): 2452–2457. PMID 10318669.
- Billman GE (February 1, 2002). "Aerobic exercise conditioning: a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention". Journal of Applied Physiology. 92 (2): 446–54. S2CID 6404030.
- Leaf A, Kang JX, Xiao YF, Billman GE (2003). "Clinical prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanism of prevention of arrhythmias by n-3 fish oils". Circulation. 107 (21): 2646–2652. PMID 12782616.
- Billman, George E. (September 2006). "A comprehensive review and analysis of 25 years of data from an in vivo canine model of sudden cardiac death: Implications for future anti-arrhythmic drug development". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 111 (3): 808–835. PMID 16483666.
- Billman, George E. (October 1, 2009). "Cardiac autonomic neural remodeling and susceptibility to sudden cardiac death: effect of endurance exercise training". American Journal of Physiology. 297 (4): H1171–93. S2CID 14822283.
- Billman GE, Nishijima Y, Belevych AE, Terentyev D, Xu Y, Haizlip KM, Monasky MM, Hiranandani N, Harris WS, Gyorke S, Carnes CA, Janssen PM (April 1, 2010). "Effects of dietary omega–3 fatty acids on ventricular function in dogs with healed myocardial infarctions: in vivo and in vitro studies". American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 298 (4): 1219–1228. PMID 20097770.
- Billman, George E. (November 29, 2011). "Heart rate variability–a historical perspective". Frontiers in Physiology. 2: 86. PMID 22144961.
- Billman, George E. (October 2013). "The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiac rhythm: A critical reassessment". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 140 (1): 53–80. PMID 23735203.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "George E Billman biography". Frontiers Media. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Katherine H. Nemeh, ed. (2008). "Billman, George Edward". American Men & Women of Science. Vol. 1.
- ^ "FHRS Member Listing". Heart Rhythm Society. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
- ^ "OSUToday". Ohio State University. June 17, 2010. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
- ^ a b "George E. Billman, PhD". Ohio State. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
- ^ PMID 21127379.
- ^ Carper, Jean (October 13, 1993). "Eating Fish Oil May Help Prevent Erratic Heartbeats". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015. Retrieved January 2, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
- ^ ISBN 9783540714200.
- PMID 16483666.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-59745-330-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-3-8055-7945-2.
- PMID 12782616.
- ^ a b c Dwain L. Eckberg (2008). "Arterial Baroreflexes in Ischaemic Heart Disease, and their role in sudden cardiac death". In Marek Malik; A. John Camm (eds.). Dynamic Electrocardiography. John Wiley & Sons.
- S2CID 8473278.
- PMID 8183925.
- ^ a b Jean Carper (July 14, 1994). "Fish Wards Off Erratic Heartbeats". Chicago-Sun Times. King Features Syndicate.
- PMID 16267249.
- PMID 11181946.
- PMID 10318669.
- ^ a b Earle Holland (April 15, 2009). "Background on Billman's Heart Studies Involving the Use of Dogs". Ohio State University.
- PMID 24472636.
- PMID 23714269.
- ^ a b Charlie Boss (May 12, 2007). "Research on dogs at OSU protested". The Columbus Dispatch. p. 1B. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015 – via HighBeam Research.
- ^ a b Richard Oviatt (April 23, 2009). "Ohio State U. abuses dogs, PETA says". The Lantern.
- ^ a b Charlie Boss (June 25, 2009). "Feds clear OSU researcher of dog-cruelty allegations". The Columbus Dispatch. p. 1B.
- ^ a b "An Open Letter from Ohio State University". Ohio State University. August 26, 2010. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
- ^ Alice Thomas (March 18, 2004). "OSU Lands Noted Cancer Researcher". The Columbus Dispatch. p. 1B.
- ^ George E. Billman (Summer 2005). "The Dewalt Billmann Dilemma". Journal of the Berks County Genealogical Society. 25 (4).
- ^ "Billman, GE Citation Report", Web of Science, 5.15, Thomas Reuters, 2014
- ^ "Description of Novel Therapeutic Targets for Antiarrhythmic Drugs". John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
- .